EDNote: a quick search of the archive of "Pym Poe Lolita" brings up
eight or nine results, but none as detailed as Bruce's below. ~SB
I'm hesitant to rouse a sleeping dog, but I thought that
the list members might find this interesting. This was news to me. If
it's not for others, please disregard.
Poe's The Narrative of
Arthur Gordon Pym bears some strange resemblances, eerie affinities,
with Nabokov's Lolita. I'll list the most pertinent.
1) Pym
starts with a Preface, written by Pym himself, that tries in part to
account for the fact that the first two chapters of the narrative were
published elsewhere by E.A. Poe. Pym's Preface ends like this: "Even to
those readers who have not seen the Messenger [where Poe's chapters
appeared], it will be unnecessary to point out where his portion ends
and my own commences; the differences in point of style will be readily
perceived." (Here, the editor of the Norton Critical edition points out
in a footnote that there is no evident change in the prose styles.)
This passage is reminiscent of the debate concerning Humbert's and
Ray's prose styles in Lolita.
2) There are times in the book
when Pym changes narrative tacks, from more conventionally elaborated
chapters to a diary/journal form, about which he is forced to concede
in a footnote: "The terms morning and evening, which I have made use of
to avoid confusion in my narrative, as far as possible, must not, of
course, be taken in their ordinary sense. For a long time past we had
had no night at all, the daylight being continual. The dates throughout
are according to nautical time, and the bearings must be understood as
per compass. I would also remark in this place, that I cannot, in the
first portion of what is here written, pretend to strict accuracy in
respect to dates, or latitudes and longitudes, having kept no regular
journal until after the period of which this first portion treats. In
many instances I have relied altogether upon memory."
This passage calls to mind Humbert's own efforts as a diarist,
and his struggle to keep the dates accurate in his confession.
3)
Pym ends with a Note, an afterword written by a fictional editor (much
like John Ray). The Note begins by telling us that Pym has died prior
to the book's publication, thus leaving the manuscript unfinished. The
fact of Pym's death, he writes, is "already well known to the public
through the medium of the daily press." The unnamed "writer of this
appendix" also mentions his efforts to contact Pym's sole surviving
companion, to get details about the journey from him, and he suggests
that readers will likely find Pym's story corroborated by a
"governmental expedition now preparing for the Southern Ocean." Here,
the echoes with Ray's Foreword--his announcement of Lolita's death, his
contact with Windmuller and news of Rita et al.--are clear, and I'm
also reminded of Humbert's own efforts to point to corroborating
evidence in his confession.
4) Pym's editor
also attempts to get in touch with Poe "to fill the vacuum" in the
narrative, but Poe, apparently, refuses to get involved "for reasons
connected with the general inaccuracy of the details afforded him, and his
disbelief in the entire truth of the latter portions of the narration [my
italics]." Those last words seem to capture the position of some
critics with regard to Lolita's concluding chapters.
More
broadly, Poe scholars have also noted how his book's chronology is
problematic in other ways, and all of this has made Pym a subject of
vigorous debate, much like Nabokov's Lolita.
These
coincidences might suggest a precedent for the existential
sleight-of-hand that some readers see in Lolita, but it's hard to know
how much weight to give them. Poe's presence haunts Lolita,
obviously, but Pym is referenced only once, if at all. The entries from
Who's Who in the Limelight begin with "Pym, Roland." Appel suggests
that a reference to Poe's text is evident in the last name, and the
timing of the reference would be exquisite, preceding as it does the
coded annoucement of Quilty's murder and pointing from the start to the
dubious nature of that murder. But then again, a web search reveals
that there was a British painter named Roland Pym, who had been
active around the time that Nabokov was writing Lolita. (He did the
artwork for a few pop-up books of fairy tales, among other things.) So
maybe the reference to Poe's Pym is itself problematic. Suffice it to
say that Poe's narrative seems to prefigure some of what we find in
Lolita.
Best,
Bruce