Van and Ada are the children of Demon Veen and Marina
Durmanov. Marina's poor twin sister Aqua (who was made to believe that
Van was her beloved son) went mad soon after marrying Demon.
(1.3)
Ada's sister-in-law Dorothy (Dasha) Vinelander marries a Mr
Brod or Bred. (3.8)
In his poem Ne day mne Bog soyti s uma... ("The Lord
Forbid My Going Mad," 1833) Pushkin mentions plamennyi bred
(ardent ravings):
Когда б оставили меня
На воле, как бы резво я
Пустился в тёмный
лес!
Я пел бы в пламенном бреду,
Я забывался бы в
чаду
Нестройных, чудных
грез.
...I would have sung in ardent
ravings,
I would have forgotten myself in the
intoxication
of disorderly wondrous dreams.
In Eugene Onegin (Two: XV: 13-14)
Pushkin speaks of Lenski's yunyi bred (young delirium):
Простим горячке юных лет
И
юный жар и юный бред.
let us forgive the fever of young
years
both its young glow and young
delirium.
The name Durmanov comes from durman
(thorn apple; drug, intoxication). In his poem Tolstomu ("To
Tolstoy," 1818) addressed to Count Tolstoy Amerikanets ("the
American") Vyazemski speaks of myatezhnykh sklonnostey durman
(the drug of rebellious inclinations) hurling Tolstoy iz raya v ad, iz
ada v ray (from paradise to hell, from hell to paradise):
Американец и цыган,
На свете
нравственном загадка,
Которого, как
лихорадка,
Мятежных склонностей
дурман
Или страстей кипящих
схватка
Всегда из края мечет в
край,
Из рая в ад, из ада в
рай!
Которого душа есть
пламень,
А ум — холодный
эгоист;
Под бурей рока — твердый
камень!
В
волненьи страсти — легкий лист!
The last two lines
("Under fate's storm [he is] a hard stone! / In the agitation of
passion, a light leaf!") Pushkin had planned to use as the epigraph to
Kavkazskiy plennik ("The Caucasian Captive," 1822) but did not because
of his enmity with Tolstoy.
A few lines further into the
poem Vyazemski mentions brod (ford):
Здесь муза брода не найдёт:
Она над
бездною повисла.
The muse won't
find a ford here:
she
droops above the abyss.
In Vyazemski's
poem Stantsiya ("The Station," 1825) quoted by Pushkin in his note 42
to EO "through a puddle wade across (vbrod) a
fly can with closed eyes."
Count Tolstoy the
American (who killed eleven gentlemen in duels) was a
bretteur. Vyazemski's poem Tolstomu was written in
Warsaw. Baron d'Onsky (Marina's lover with whom Demon fought a sword duel in
Nice) was Polish. One of the seconds in Demon's duel with Skonky
(d'Onsky's oneway nickname) was Colonel St Alin, a
scoundrel:
The challenge was accepted; two native seconds were
chosen; the Baron plumped for swords; and after a certain amount of good blood
(Polish and Irish - a kind of American 'Gory Mary' in barroom parlance) had
bespattered two hairy torsoes, the whitewashed terrace, the flight of steps
leading backward to the walled garden in an amusing Douglas d'Artagnan
arrangement, the apron of a quite accidental milkmaid, and the shirtsleeves of
both seconds, charming Monsieur de Pastrouil and Colonel St Alin, a scoundrel,
the latter gentlemen separated the panting combatants, and Skonky died, not 'of
his wounds' (as it was viciously rumored) but of a gangrenous afterthought on
the part of the least of them, possibly self-inflicted, a sting in the groin,
which caused circulatory trouble, notwithstanding quite a few surgical
interventions during two or three years of protracted stays at the Aardvark
Hospital in Boston - a city where, incidentally, he married in 1869 our friend
the Bohemian lady, now keeper of Glass Biota at the local museum.
(1.2)
According to
Shell (the main character in Aldanov's novel Bred, "Delirium," 1955),
the Soviet Colonel ("Colonel No. 2") is almost mad. When Edda (Shell's mistress
and agent) asks him what kind of man the Colonel is, Shell replies that he is a
mixture: "five percent of Lenin, five of Suvorov, five of Arakcheev, twenty
of Gogol's madman and the rest [65 %] is water, aqua
distillata:"
- Поддерживaй с ним контaкт, - скaзaл он тaк же, кaк полковник. -
Можешь сегодня с ним и обедaть. Лучше у него в номере. А кaк нaш дорогой
полковник, пропaди он пропaдом? Еще не совсем сошёл с умa?
- Почему сошёл с умa?
- Дa у него глaзa ненормaльного человекa, рaзве ты не
зaметилa?
- Дa что он вообще зa человек?
- Он смесь. Пять процентов от Ленинa, пять от Суворовa,
пять от Арaкчеевa, двaдцaть от гоголевского сумaсшедшего, a остaльное водa, aqua
distillata. (chapter XXVI)
According to Marina, d'Onsky is a spiritual Samurai:
Upon being questioned in Demon's dungeon, Marina,
laughing trillingly, wove a picturesque tissue of lies; then broke down, and
confessed. She swore that all was over; that the Baron, a physical wreck and a
spiritual Samurai, had gone to Japan forever. From a more reliable source Demon
learned that the Samurai's real destination was smart little Vatican, a Roman
spa, whence he was to return to Aardvark, Massa, in a week or so.
(1.2)
As he speaks to the American Colonel ("Colonel No. 1"), Shell mentions
bushido (the code) of the Japanese Samurai:
Каков бы я ни был, у меня есть свой кодекс чести. Так
сказать, «бусидо» японских самураев, — хмуро сказал Шелль. В глазах у него
что-то мелькнуло. «При случае может быть страшен, самурай», — отметил
полковник. ("Delirium," chapter II)
and Colonel No. 1, in the same dialogue with Shell, mentions
Stalin (who hates to hear unpleasant things):
— Удивит
ли вас, если я скажу, что полковник № 2 тоже честный человек, правда, со
всячинкой, как они все, и окруженный негодяями. Его положение трудное. Сталину
вообще надо докладывать то, что он желает слышать. Неприятных сведений он не
выносит, — большой недостаток для главы правительства. (ibid.)
Iosif (Soso) Dzhugashvili
(Stalin's real name) was born in Gori (a city in Georgia, in the Caucasus). In
Lermontov's Demon (1829-41) the action takes place in the
Caucasus.
With
white-bloused, enthusiastically sweating Andrey Andreevich, he [Van] lolled for hours in the violet shade of pink
cliffs, studying major and minor Russian writers - and puzzling out the
exaggerated but, on the whole, complimentary allusions to his father's
volitations and loves in another life in Lermontov's diamond-faceted
tetrameters. (1.28)
Van's Russian tutor Andrey Andreevich Aksakov
(AAA) is a namesake of Ada's husband (Dorothy's brother) Andrey Andreevich
Vinelander, a great sportsman. In Aldanov's Bred Colonel No. 2 avidly
reads Aksakov's book on hunting. Aksakov and bred (ravings; delirium)
are mentioned by Vyazemski in Literaturnaya ispoved' ("The Literary
Confession," 1853), a poem written in the Alexandrines. Vyazemski's poem
Aleksandriyskiy stikh ("The Alexandrines," 1853) has the epigraph from
the drafts of Pushkin's Domik v Kolomne ("The Small Cottage in
Kolomna," 1830):
…А стих александрийский?..
Уж не его ль себе я
залучу?
Извилистый, проворный, длинный, склизкий
И с жалом даже, точная
змея;
Мне кажется, что с ним управлюсь я.
In "The Small Cottage in Kolomna" (the final version, written in the
octaves) Pushkin compares the poet to Tamerlane or even to
Napoleon:
Как весело стихи свои
вести
Под
цифрами, в порядке, строй за строем,
Не позволять им в сторону
брести,
Как
войску, в пух рассыпанному боем!
Тут каждый слог замечен и в
чести,
Тут
каждый стих глядит себе героем,
А стихотворец... с кем же равен
он?
Он
Тамерлан иль сам Наполеон. (V)
Tamerlane (1336?-1405), the Tartar conqueror
in western and southern Asia, ruler of Samarkand, is also known as Timur.
Timur and Nabok are paired in Ada:
Ada had declined to invite anybody except the Erminin
twins to her picnic; but she had had no intention of inviting the brother
without the sister. The latter, it turned out, could not come, having gone to
New Cranton to see a young drummer, her first boy friend, sail off into the
sunrise with his regiment. But Greg had to be asked to come after all: on the
previous day he had called on her bringing a 'talisman' from his very sick
father, who wanted Ada to treasure as much as his grandam had a little camel of
yellow ivory carved in Kiev, five centuries ago, in the days of Timur and
Nabok. (1.39)
The twins Greg and Grace are the children of Colonel Erminin. Kiev is the
home city of Aldanov and Natasha (Shell's bride in Bred).
Talisman (1827) is a poem by Pushkin. The talisman (finger-ring
with a sard) was given to Pushkin in Odessa by Countess Eliza Vorontsov. Her
namesake Eliza Khitrovo (Kutuzov's daughter who was hopelessly in love with
Pushkin) was nicknamed Erminia (after a character in Tasso's
Jerusalem Delivered) by the poet's sister Olga. Pushkin addressed
to Olga his poem Vertograd moey sestry... ("My Sister's Garden," 1825).
In Ada Miss Vertograd is Demon's librarian:
Soon upon his arrival at Ardis, Van warned his former
governess (who had reasons to believe in his threats) that if he were not
permitted to remove from the library at any time, for any length of time, and
without any trace of 'en lecture,' any volume, collected works, boxed
pamphlets or incunabulum that he might fancy, he would have Miss Vertograd, his
father's librarian, a completely servile and infinitely accommodative spinster
of Verger's format and presumable date of publication, post to Ardis Hall
trunkfuls of eighteenth century libertines, German sexologists, and a whole
circus of Shastras and Nefsawis in literal translation with apocryphal
addenda. (1.21)
Vertograd's rhyme city is, of course, Leningrad (or Stalingrad). I
notice that in his poem Molodoy turka ("A Young Turk," 1889) Vladimir
Solovyov wittily rhymes vertograd with retrograd (a
retrograde person, reactionary):
Да! папа - весьма упорный
Старый ретроград,
И
блюдет евнух проворный
Папин вертоград.
The young Turk in
Solovyov's poem fears the agile eunuch who watches after the girls in his
father's vertograd (harem). In his sword duel with d'Onsky
Demon was eager to castrate his adversary. Papa being Russian for
"Pope," papin ("father's," the word used by Solovyov in his poem)
can also mean "the Pope's." As Demon found out, d'Onsky had left for Vatican. In
A. K. Tolstoy's poem Bunt v Vatikane ("The Riot in Vatican," 1864) the
eunuch singers attempt to castrate the Pope Pius IX. A. K. Tolstoy's satirical
poem Velikodushie smyagchaet serdtsa ("Magnanimity Softens the Hearts")
was first published by Solovyov in Tri Razgovora ("Three
Conversations," 1899). The second edition of "Three Conversations about the War,
Progress and End of the World History" includes Povest' ob
Antikhriste ("The Tale about Antichrist," 1900). Its authorship is
ascribed to a monk named Pansofiy (Pansophius). "Pan Sophius, a Pole?"
(asks the Politician). "The Tale about Antichrist" has the
epigraph from Solovyov's poem Panmongolism (1894):
Панмонголизм! Хоть слово дико,
Но мне ласкает слух оно,
Как
бы предвестием великой
Судьбины божией полно.
It brings to mind the
Antiterran Tartary, also known as "the ruthless Sovietnamur Khanate" ruled
by Khan Sosso (2.2). Incidentally, Blok's poem Skify ("The
Scythians," 1918) also has the epigraph from Solovyov's Panmongolism.
In his poem Blok mentions the Lissabon and Messina earthquakes:
Века,
века ваш старый горн ковал
И заглушал грома, лавины,
И дикой сказкой был
для вас провал
И Лиссабона, и Мессины!
Messina (a seaport in NE
Sicily) brings to mind Messiah mentioned by Solovyov in
Panmongolism:
Когда в
растленной Византии
Остыл божественный алтарь
И отреклися от
Мессии
Иерей и князь, народ и царь, -
Тогда он поднял от
Востока
Народ безвестный и чужой,
И под орудьем тяжким рока
Во прах
склонился Рим второй.
In Solovyov's poem Messiya rhymes with Vizantiya
(Byzantine Empire) and altar' rhymes with tsar'. On
Demonia (aka Antiterra) Altar and Palermontovia are parts of the British Commonwealth:
Actually, Aqua was less pretty, and far more
dotty, than Marina. During her fourteen years of miserable marriage she spent a
broken series of steadily increasing sojourns in sanatoriums. A small map of the
European part of the British Commonwealth - say, from Scoto-Scandinavia to the
Riviera, Altar and Palermontovia - as well as most of the U.S.A., from Estoty
and Canady to Argentina, might be quite thickly prickled with enameled
red-cross-flag pins, marking, in her War of the Worlds, Aqua's bivouacs.
(1.3)
Palermontovia blends Palermo (a seaport in and the capital of
Sicily) with Lermontov, the author of Demon and the prophetic
Predskazanie ("Prediction," 1830). The War of the
Worlds (1897) is a novel by H. G. Wells. In his Russia in the
Shadows (1920) Wells calls Lenin "the Kremlin dreamer."
Arbenin
+ L = rab + Lenin
Arbenin - the main character in
Lermontov's play in verse Maskarad ("The Masked Ball,"
1835)
rab - slave
The details of the L disaster (and I do not mean
Elevated) in the beau milieu of last century, which had the singular
effect of both causing and cursing the notion of 'Terra,' are too well-known
historically, and too obscene spiritually, to be treated at length in a book
addressed to young laymen and lemans - and not to grave men or
gravemen.
Of course, today, after great anti-L years of
reactionary delusion have gone by (more or less!) and our sleek little machines,
Faragod bless them, hum again after a fashion, as they did in the first half of
the nineteenth century, the mere geographic aspect of the affair possesses its
redeeming comic side, like those patterns of brass marquetry, and
bric-à-Braques, and the ormolu horrors that meant 'art' to our humorless
forefathers. (1.3)
Faragod hints at Faraday (1791-1867), the English physicist and chemist,
discoverer of electromagnetic induction. In his last stream of
consciousness Braun (the main character in Aldanov's trilogy "The Key," "The
Escape," "The Cave") recalls "Comrade Faraday." Like Aldanov's Braun,
Marina's twin sister Aqua and, years later, Van's and Ada's half-sister Lucette
(the daughter of Marina and her husband Daniel Veen) commit suicide.
Alexey
Sklyarenko