In VN’s short novel Soglyadatay (“The Eye,” 1930) Roman Bogdanovich asks Vanya to play the piano and quotes Pushkin’s poem Prorok (“The Prophet,” 1826):
- Вы играете? - любезно спросил Смурова Роман Богданович, многозначительно косясь на рояль.
- Играл когда-то, - спокойно ответил Смуров, поднял крышку, мечтательно посмотрел на оскал клавиатуры и опустил крышку опять.
- Я люблю музыку, - конфиденциально сообщил Роман Богданович. - Помнится, когда я был студентом...
- Музыка, - сказал Смуров, повысив голос, - иногда выражает то, что в словах невыразимо. В этом смысле и тайна музыки.
- Вот он, - крикнула Евгения Евгеньевна и выбежала из комнаты.
- А вы, Варвара Евгеньевна? - грубым и тучным своим голосом спросил Роман Богданович. - Вы - перстами легкими, как сон, а? Ну, что-нибудь... Какую-нибудь ритурнеллу.
Ваня замотала головой и как бы нахмурилась, но тотчас прыснула со смеху и склонила лицо. Она смеялась, верно, над тем, что вот - какой-то чурбан предлагает ей сесть за рояль, когда и так вся ее душа гремит и переливается. В эту минуту можно было видеть на лице у Смурова совершенно неистовое желание, чтобы лифт с Евгенией Евгеньевной и дядей Пашей навеки застрял, чтобы Роман Богданович провалился прямо в пасть к синему персидскому льву, вытканному на ковре, и, главное, чтобы исчез я, - этот холодный, настойчивый, неутомимый наблюдатель.
“Do you play?” Roman Bogdanovich politely asked Smurov, with a meaningful look at the piano. “I used to play once,” Smurov calmly replied. He opened the lid, glanced dreamily at the bared teeth of the keyboard, and brought the lid back down. “I love music,” Roman Bogdanovich observed confidentially. “I recall, in my student days——”
“Music,” said Smurov in a louder tone, “good music at least, expresses that which is inexpressible in words. Therein lie the meaning and the mystery of music.”
“There he is,” shouted Evgenia and left the room.
“And you, Varvara?” asked Roman Bogdanovich in his coarse, thick voice. “You—‘with fingers lighter than a dream’—eh? Come on, anything … Some little ritornello.” Vanya shook her head and seemed about to frown but instead giggled and lowered her face. No doubt, what excited her mirth was this thickhead’s inviting her to sit down at the piano when her soul was ringing and flowing with its own melody. At this moment one could have noted in Smurov’s face a most violent desire that the elevator carrying Evgenia and Uncle Pasha get stuck forever, that Roman Bogdanovich tumble right into the jaws of the blue Persian lion depicted on the rug, and, most important that I—the cold, insistent, tireless eye—disappear. (Chapter 4)
Smurov (the narrator and main character in "The Eye") and Vanya (the nickname of the girl with whom Smurov is in love) bring to mind Vanya Smurov, the main character in Kuzmin's homoerotic short novel Kryl'ya ("The Wings," 1906). In Pushkin’s poem "The Prophet" shestikrylyi serafim (a six-winged seraph) touches the poet’s eyes perstami lyogkimi kak son (with fingers lighter than a dream):
Духовной жаждою томим,
В пустыне мрачной я влачился, -
И шестикрылый серафим
На перепутьи мне явился.
Перстами лёгкими как сон
Моих зениц коснулся он.
Отверзлись вещие зеницы,
Как у испуганной орлицы.
Моих ушей коснулся он, -
И их наполнил шум и звон:
И внял я неба содроганье,
И горний ангелов полёт,
И гад морских подводный ход.
И дольней лозы прозябанье.
И он к устам моим приник,
И вырвал грешный мой язык,
И празднословный, и лукавый,
И жало мудрыя змеи
В уста замершие мои
Вложил десницею кровавой.
И он мне грудь рассек мечом,
И сердце трепетное вынул
И угль, пылающий огнём,
Во грудь отверстую водвинул.
Как труп в пустыне я лежал,
И бога глас ко мне воззвал:
"Восстань, пророк, и виждь, и внемли,
Исполнись волею моей,
И, обходя моря и земли,
Глаголом жги сердца людей".
Tormented by a spiritual thirst,
I stumbled through a gloomy waste,
And there a six-winged seraph
Appeared before me at the crossroad.
With touch as light as slumber,
He laid his fingers on my eyes,
Which opened wide in prophecy
Just as a startled eagle's might.
Upon my ears his touch then fell,
And they were filled with noise and clangs:
I heard the heavens shift on high,
The whispering of angels' wings,
Sea monsters moving in the deep,
The growing grapevines in the vales.
And then he bent down towards my mouth,
My sinful tongue he ripped right out-
Its slander and its idle lies-
And with his bloody hand inserted
Between my still and lifeless lips
A cunning serpent's forked tongue.
And with his sword he cleaved my breast
Removed my shaking heart,
And then he seized a blazing coal,
And placed it in my gaping breast.
Corpse-like I lay upon the sand
And then God's voice called out to me:
"Arise, O Prophet, watch and hark,
Fulfill all my commands:
Go forth now over land and sea,
And with your word ignite men's hearts.
At the beginning of VN’s novel Lolita (1955) Humbert Humbert mentions the misinformed, simple, noble-winged seraphs:
Lolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin, my soul. Lo-lee-ta: the tip of the tongue taking a trip of three steps down the palate to tap, at three, on the teeth. Lo. Lee. Ta.
She was Lo, plain Lo, in the morning, standing four feet ten in one sock. She was Lola in slacks. She was Dolly at school. She was Dolores on the dotted line. But in my arms she was always Lolita.
Did she have a precursor? She did, indeed she did. In point of fact, there might have been no Lolita at all had I not loved, one summer, a certain initial girl-child. In a princedom by the sea. Oh when? About as many years before Lolita was born as my age was that summer. You can always count on a murderer for a fancy prose style.
Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, exhibit number one is what the seraphs, the misinformed, simple, noble-winged seraphs, envied. Look at this tangle of thorns. (1.1)
In the novel’s Russian version (1967) Gumbert Gumbert calls them Edgarovy serafimy (Edgar’s seraphs):
Уважаемые присяжные женского и мужеского пола! Экспонат Номер Первый представляет собой то, чему так завидовали Эдгаровы серафимы - худо осведомленные, простодушные, благороднокрылые серафимы... Полюбуйтесь-ка на этот клубок терний. (1.1)
Edgarovy serafimy are “the wingèd seraphs of Heaven” mentioned by E. A. Poe in his poem Annabel Lee (1849). A character in “The Eye,” Vikentiy Lvovich Weinstock (the medium) is fond of Edgar Poe:
Он любил Эдгара По, приключения, разоблачения, пророческие сны и паутинный ужас тайных обществ. Масонские ложи, клубы самоубийц, мессы демонопоклонников и особенной агенты, присланные "оттуда" (и как красноречиво и жутко звучало это "оттуда") для слежки за русским человеком за границей, превращали Берлин для Вайнштока в город чудес, среди которых он себя чувствовал как дома. Он намекал, что состоит членом большой организации, призванной будто бы распутывать и разрывать тонкие ткани, которые плетёт некий ярко-алый паук, изображенный у Вайнштока на ужасно безвкусном перстне, придававшем волосатой руке что-то экзотическое.
He was fond of Edgar Poe and Barbey d’Aurevilly, adventures, unmaskings, prophetic dreams, and secret societies. The presence of Masonic lodges, suicides’ clubs, Black Masses, and especially Soviet agents dispatched from “over there” (and how eloquent and awesome was the intonation of that “over there”!) to shadow some poor little émigré man, transformed Weinstock’s Berlin into a city of wonders amid which he felt perfectly at home. He would hint that he was a member of a large organization, supposedly dedicated to the unraveling and rending of the delicate webs spun by a certain bright-scarlet spider, which Weinstock had had reproduced on a dreadfully garish signet ring giving an exotic something to his hairy hand. (Chapter 3)
At Weinstock’s séances messages come from Caesar, Mohammed, Pushkin, and a dead cousin of Weinstock’s:
Индия вызывала в нем мистическое уважение; он был одним из тех, кто при упоминании Бомбея представляет себе не английского чиновника, багрового от жары, а непременно факира. Он верил в чох и в жох, в чет и в черта, верил в символы, в силу начертаний и в бронзовые, голопузые изображения. По вечерам он клал руки, как застывший пианист на легонький столик о трех ножках: столик начинал нежно трещать, цыкать кузнечиком и затем, набравшись сил, медленно поднимался одним краем и неуклюже, но сильно ударял ножкой об пол. Вайншток вслух читал азбуку. Столик внимательно следил и на нужной букве стучал. Являлся Цезарь, Магомет, Пушкин и двоюродный брат Вайнштока. Иногда столик начинал шалить, поднимался и повисал в воздухе, а не то предпринимал атаку на Вайнштока, бодал его в живот, и Вайншток добродушно успокаивал духа, словно укротитель, нарочно поддающийся игривости зверя, отступал по всей комнате, продолжая держать пальцы на столике, шедшем вперевалку. Употреблял он для разговоров также и блюдечко с сеткой и еще какое-то сложное приспособленьице с торчавшим вниз карандашом. Разговоры записывались в особые тетрадки. Это были диалоги такого рода:
В а й н ш т о к
Нашел ли ты успокоение?
Л е н и н
Нет. Я страдаю.
В а й н ш т о к
Желаешь ли ты мне рассказать о загробной жизни?
Л е н и н /(после паузы)/
Нет...
В а й н ш т о к
Почему?
Л е н и н
Там ночь.
India aroused a mystical respect in him: he was one of those people who, at the mention of Bombay, inevitably imagine not a British civil servant, crimson from the heat, but a fakir. He believed in the jinx and the hex, in magic numbers and the Devil, in the evil eye, in the secret power of symbols and signs, and in bare-bellied bronze idols. In the evenings, he would place his hands, like a petrified pianist, upon a small, light, three-legged table. It would start to creak softly, emitting cricketlike chirps, and, having gathered strength, would rise up on one side and then awkwardly but forcefully tap a leg against the floor. Weinstock would recite the alphabet. The little table would follow attentively and tap at the proper letters. Messages came from Caesar, Mohammed, Pushkin, and a dead cousin of Weinstock’s. Sometimes the table would be naughty: it would rise and remain suspended in mid-air, or else attack Weinstock and butt him in the stomach. Weinstock would good-naturedly pacify the spirit, like an animal tamer playing along with a frisky beast; he would back across the whole room, all the while keeping his fingertips on the table waddling after him. For his talks with the dead, he also employed a kind of marked saucer and some other strange contraption with a pencil protruding underneath. The conversations were recorded in special notebooks. A dialog might go thus:
WEINSTOCK: Have you found rest?
LENIN: This is not Baden-Baden.
WEINSTOCK: Do you wish to tell me of life beyond the grave?
LENIN (after a pause): I prefer not to.
WEINSTOCK: Why?
LENIN: Must wait till there is a plenum. (ibid.)
In “The Prophet” the poet compares himself to trup (a corpse): Kak trup v pustyne ya lezhal (Corpse-like I lay upon the sand). In Pushkin’s little tragedy “Mozart and Salieri” (1830) Salieri says that he cut up music like a corpse and measured harmony by algebra:
Звуки умертвив,
Музыку я разъял, как труп. Поверил
Я алгеброй гармонию.
Having stifled sounds,
I cut up music like a corpse. I measured
Harmony by algebra. (scene I)
In Lolita Humbert is afraid that his wife Charlotte (Lolita’s mother) will send her daughter to St. Algebra:
The Humberts walked on, sandaled and robed.
“Do you know, Hum: I have one most ambitious dream,” pronounced Lady Hum, lowering her head - shy of that dream – and communing with the tawny ground. “I would love to get hold of a real trained servant maid like that German girl the Talbots spoke of; and have her live in the house.”
“No room,” I said.
“Come,” she said with her quizzical smile, “surely, chéri, you underestimate the possibilities of the Humbert home. We would put her in Lo’s room. I intended to make a guestroom of that hole anyway. It’s the coldest and meanest in the whole house.”
“What are you talking about?” I asked, the skin of my cheekbones tensing up (this I take the trouble to note only because my daughter’s skin did the same when she felt that way: disbelief, disgust, irritation).
“Are you bothered by Romantic Associations?” queried my wife – in allusion to her first surrender.
“Hell no,” said I. “I just wonder where will you put your daughter when you get your guest or your maid.”
“Ah,” said Mrs. Humbert, dreaming, smiling, drawing out the “Ah” simultaneously with the raise of one eyebrow and a soft exhalation of breath. “Little Lo, I’m afraid, does not enter the picture at all, at all. Little Lo goes straight from camp to a good boarding school with strict discipline and some sound religious training. And then – Beardsley College. I have it all mapped out, you need not worry.”
She went on to say that she, Mrs. Humbert, would have to overcome her habitual sloth and write to Miss Phalen’s sister who taught at St. Algebra. The dazzling lake emerged. I said I had forgotten my sunglasses in the car and would catch up with her. (1.20)
At Beardsley Lolita takes piano lessons:
Because it supposedly tied up with her interest in dance and dramatics, I had permitted Lo to take piano lessons with a Miss Emperor (as we French scholars may conveniently call her) to whose blue-shuttered little white house a mile or so beyond Beardsley Lo would spin off twice a week. One Friday night toward the end of May (and a week or so after the very special rehearsal Lo had not had me attend) the telephone in my study, where I was in the act of mopping up Gustave’s - I mean Gaston’s - king’s side, rang and Miss Emperor asked if Lo was coming next Tuesday because she had missed last Tuesday’s and today’s lessons. I said she would by all means - and went on with the game. As the reader may well imagine, my faculties were now impaired, and a move or two later, with Gaston to play, I noticed through the film of my general distress that he could collect my queen; he noticed it too, but thinking it might be a trap on the part of his tricky opponent, he demurred for quite a minute, and puffed and wheezed, and shook his jowls, and even shot furtive glances at me, and made hesitating half-thrusts with his pudgily bunched fingers - dying to take that juicy queen and not daring - and all of a sudden he swooped down upon it (who knows if it did not teach him certain later audacities?), and I spent a dreary hour in achieving a draw. (2.14)
Humbert's compatriot and chess partner at Beardsley, Gaston Godin is a homosexual. In a letter to his Tallin friend Roman Bogdanovich calls Smurov seksual'nyi levsha (a sexual lefty):
"Мне сдается, милейший друг, что я уже писал о том, что господин Смуров принадлежит к той любопытной касте людей, которую я как-то назвал "сексуальными левшами". Весь облик господина Смурова, его хрупкость, декадентство, жеманность жестов, любовь к пудре, а в особенности те быстрые, страстные взгляды, которые он постоянно кидает на Вашего покорного слугу, все это давно утвердило меня в моей догадке. Замечательно, что такие, несчастные в половом смысле, субъекты часто выбирают себе предмет воздыханий -- правда, вполне платонический -- среди знакомых дам. Так и господин Смуров, несмотря на свою извращенность, выбрал себе в идеалы Варвару: эта смазливая, но достаточно глупая девчонка обручена с инженером Мухиным, так что Смуров вполне гарантирован, что его не привлекут к ответственности, -- то бишь к венцу, -- и не заставят исполнить то, что он никогда бы ни с одной женщиной, будь она самой Клеопатрой, не мог, да и не желал бы исполнить. Кроме того, "сексуальный левша" -- признаюсь, я нахожу это выражение исключительно удачным, -- часто питает склонность к нарушению закона, закона человеческого, каковое нарушение ему тем более легко совершить, что нарушение законов природы уже налицо.
“I have the impression, dear friend, that I have already written you of the fact that Smurov belongs to that curious class of people I once called ‘sexual lefties.’ Smurov’s entire appearance, his frailness, his decadence, his mincing gestures, his fondness for Eau de Cologne, and, in particular, those furtive, passionate glances that he constantly directs toward your humble servant—all this has long since confirmed this conjecture of mine. It is remarkable that these sexually unfortunate individuals, while yearning physically for some handsome specimen of mature virility, often choose for object of their (perfectly platonic) admiration—a woman—a woman they know well, slightly, or not at all. And so Smurov, notwithstanding his perversion, has chosen Varvara as his ideal. This comely but rather stupid lass is engaged to a certain M. M. Mukhin, one of the youngest colonels in the White Army, so Smurov has full assurance that he will not be compelled to perform that which he is neither capable nor desirous of performing with any lady, even if she were Cleopatra herself. Furthermore, the ‘sexual lefty’—I admit I find the expression exceptionally apt—frequently nurtures a tendency to break the law, which infraction is further facilitated for him by the fact that an infraction of the law of nature is already there. (Chapter 5)
Charlotte Haze (in the second marriage, Charlotte Humbert) was born Charlotte Becker. Charlotte Becker was the maiden name of Afanasiy Fet’s mother. Fet’s poem Lastochki (“The Swallows,” 1884) begins: Prirody prazdnyi soglyadatay (“An idle spy on nature). Afanasiy Fet-Shenshin was married to Maria Botkin. In VN’s novel Pale Fire (1962) the “real” name of both Sybil Shade (the poet’s wife) and Queen Disa (the wife of Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla) seems to be Sofia Botkin (born Lastochkin). The last day of John Shade’s life has passed in a sustained low hum of harmony:
Gently the day has passed in a sustained
Low hum of harmony. The brain is drained
And a brown ament, and the noun I meant
To use but did not, dry on the cement.
Maybe my sensual love for the consonne
D'appui, Echo's fey child, is based upon
A feeling of fantastically planned,
Richly rhymed life. I feel I understand
Existence, or at least a minute part
Of my existence, only through my art,
In terms of combinational delight;
And if my private universe scans right,
So does the verse of galaxies divine
Which I suspect is an iambic line. (ll. 963-976)
In Pushkin’s Mozart and Salieri Mozart twice mentions harmony:
М о ц а р т
За твоё
Здоровье, друг, за искренний союз,
Связующий Моцарта и Сальери,
Двух сыновей гармонии.
(Пьёт.)
Mozart
To your health,
My friend, and to the loyal bond
that binds together Mozart and Salieri,
two sons of harmony.
(Scene II)
Моцарт
Когда бы все так чувствовали силу
Гармонии! но нет; тогда б не мог
И мир существовать; никто б не стал
Заботиться о нуждах низкой жизни;
Все предались бы вольному искусству.
Mozart
If all could feel like you the power of harmony!
But no: the world could not go on then. None
Would bother with the needs of lowly life;
All would surrender to free art.
(ibid.)
A phrase used by Pushkin’s Mozart, nikto b (none would) is Botkin in reverse. Morya i zemli (sea and land) in the penultimate line of Pushkin’s “Prophet” brings to mind Kinbote’s Zembla in Pale Fire. According to Oswin Bretwit (the former Zemblan consul in Paris whose name means "Chess Intelligence"), his majesty Charles the Beloved is left-handed.