According to Marina (in VN’s novel Ada, 1969, Van’s, Ada’s and Lucette’s mother), the Zemskis were terrible rakes (razvratniki), one of them loved small girls, and another raffolait d’une de ses juments:
The dog came in, turned up a brimming brown eye Vanward, toddled up to the window, looked at the rain like a little person, and returned to his filthy cushion in the next room.
‘I could never stand that breed,’ remarked Van. ‘Dackelophobia.’
‘But girls — do you like girls, Van, do you have many girls? You are not a pederast, like your poor uncle, are you? We have had some dreadful perverts in our ancestry but — Why do you laugh?’
‘Nothing,’ said Van. ‘I just want to put on record that I adore girls. I had my first one when I was fourteen. Mais qui me rendra mon Hélène? She had raven black hair and a skin like skimmed milk. I had lots of much creamier ones later. I kazhetsya chto v etom?’
‘How strange, how sad! Sad, because I know hardly anything about your life, my darling (moy dushka). The Zemskis were terrible rakes (razvratniki), one of them loved small girls, and another raffolait d’une de ses juments and had her tied up in a special way-don’t ask me how’ (double hand gesture of horrified ignorance ‘— when he dated her in her stall. Kstati (à propos), I could never understand how heredity is transmitted by bachelors, unless genes can jump like chess knights. I almost beat you, last time we played, we must play again, not today, though — I’m too sad today. I would have liked so much to know everything, everything, about you, but now it’s too late. Recollections are always a little "stylized" (stilizovanï), as your father used to say, an irrisistible and hateful man, and now, even if you showed me your old diaries, I could no longer whip up any real emotional reaction to them, though all actresses can shed tears, as I’m doing now. You see (rummaging for her handkerchief under her pillow), when children are still quite tiny (takie malyutki), we cannot imagine that we can go without them, for even a couple of days, and later we do, and it’s a couple of weeks, and later it’s months, gray years, black decades, and then the opéra bouffe of the Christians’ eternity. I think even the shortest separation is a kind of training for the Elysian Games — who said that? I said that. And your costume, though very becoming, is, in a sense, traurnïy (funerary). I’m spouting drivel. Forgive me these idiotic tears... Tell me, is there anything I could do for you? Do think up something! Would you like a beautiful, practically new Peruvian scarf, which he left behind, that crazy boy? No? It’s not your style? Now go. And remember — not a word to poor Mlle Larivière, who means well!’ (1.37)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): raffolait etc.: was crazy about one of his mares.
In Ilf and Petrov’s novel Dvenadtsat’ stulyev (“The Twelve Chairs,” 1928) the caretaker Tikhon (Vorobyaninov’s former janitor) to Ostap Bender’s question “are there any marriageable young girls in this town” replies that for some a mare would be a bride:
― А что, отец, ― спросил молодой человек, затянувшись, ― невесты у вас в городе есть?
Старик дворник ничуть не удивился.
― Кому и кобыла невеста, ― ответил он, охотно ввязываясь в разговор.
"Tell me, dad," said the young man, taking a puff, "are there any marriageable young girls in this town? "
The old caretaker did not show the least surprise.
"For some a mare'd be a bride," he answered, readily striking up a conversation. (Chapter V: “The Smooth Operator”)
In a letter from Kharkov to his wife Father Fyodor (one of the three diamond hunters in “The Twelve Chairs”) calls Vorob’yaniniov etot razvratnik (this rake):
Стало мне обидно, и я этому развратнику всю правду в лицо выложил.
– Какой, – говорю, – срам на старости лет.
Какая, – говорю, – дикость в России теперь настала.
Чтобы предводитель дворянства на священнослужителя, аки лев, бросался и за беспартийность упрекал.
I felt outraged and I told this rake the truth to his face.
What a disgrace, I said, at your age.
What mad things are going on in Russia nowadays when a marshal of the nobility pounces on a minister of the church like a lion and rebukes him for not being in the Communist Party. (Chapter XI: “From Sevilla to Grenada”)
According to Marina, she could never understand how heredity is transmitted by bachelors, unless genes can jump like chess knights. In “The Twelve Chairs” Ostap Bender plays simultaneous chess in Vasyuki. In an introductory lecture, Plodotvornaya debyutnaya ideya (“A Fruitful Opening Idea”), Bender proposes to rename the Vasyuki chess club Klub Chetyryokh Koney (“Four Knights Club”).
One of the Zemskis (Prince Vseslav Zemski, 1699-1797) loved small girls. In his story Zhenshchina s tochki zreniya p’yanitsy (“Woman as Seen by a Drunkard,” 1885) signed Brat moego brata (My brother’s brother) Chekhov compares girls younger than sixteen to aquae distillatae (distilled water). The last note of Demon’s wife Aqua (Marina’s poor mad twin sister) was signed “My sister’s sister who teper’ iz ada (now is out of hell)” (1.3).
In his memoir essay “A. P. Chekhov” (1906) Boris Lazarevski says that Chekhov could never understand psikhologiyu razvratnikov (the psychology of rakes):
К сознательному злу Чехов относился с брезгливостью. Чистый душою, он не понимал психологии развратников, и нет в его произведениях ни одного такого типа. Но всякое искреннее, пылкое чувство он оправдывал. Власич в его рассказе «Соседи» — симпатичен. «Дама с собачкой» внушает к себе глубокое сочувствие.
In Chekhov’s story Osen’yu (“In Autumn,” 1883) the action takes place v kabake dyadi Tikhona (in the tavern of Uncle Tikhon):
В кабаке дяди Тихона сидела компания извозчиков и богомольцев. Их загнал в кабак осенний ливень и неистовый мокрый ветер, хлеставший по лицам, как плетью. Промокшие и уставшие путники сидели у стен на скамьях и, прислушиваясь к ветру, дремали. На лицах была написана скука. У одного извозчика, малого с рябым, исцарапанным лицом, лежала на коленях мокрая гармонийка: играл и машинально перестал.
U Tikhona ("At Tikhon's") is the omitted chapter in Dostoevski's novel Besy ("The Possessed," 1872). Its title brings to mind Bess, Uncle Dan's buxom but otherwise disgusting nurse, whom he preferred to all others and had taken to Ardis because she managed to extract orally a few last drops of ‘play-zero’ (as the old whore called it) out of his poor body. (2.10)
The name Tikhon comes from the Greek word for “fate, fortune;” but, to a Russian ear, it sounds as if it came from tikhiy (“quiet; low, soft, gentle, faint”). In his poem Don (“The Don,” 1829) written on his way back from Erzurum Pushkin calls the Don tikhiy (quiet) and mentions the Aras and Euphrates rivers:
Как прославленного брата,
Реки знают тихий Дон;
От Аракса и Евфрата
Я привёз тебе поклон.
Describing the family dinner in “Ardis the Second,” Van mentions respectable people in the Tigris-Euphrates valley:
Demon popped into his mouth a last morsel of black bread with elastic samlet, gulped down a last pony of vodka and took his place at the table with Marina facing him across its oblong length, beyond the great bronze bowl with carved-looking Calville apples and elongated Persty grapes. The alcohol his vigorous system had already imbibed was instrumental, as usual, in reopening what he gallicistically called condemned doors, and now as he gaped involuntarily as all men do while spreading a napkin, he considered Marina’s pretentious ciel-étoilé hairdress and tried to realize (in the rare full sense of the word), tried to possess the reality of a fact by forcing it into the sensuous center, that here was a woman whom he had intolerably loved, who had loved him hysterically and skittishly, who insisted they make love on rugs and cushions laid on the floor (‘as respectable people do in the Tigris-Euphrates valley’), who would woosh down fluffy slopes on a bobsleigh a fortnight after parturition, or arrive by the Orient Express with five trunks, Dack’s grandsire, and a maid, to Dr Stella Ospenko’s ospedale where he was recovering from a scratch received in a sword duel (and still visible as a white weal under his eighth rib after a lapse of nearly seventeen years). How strange that when one met after a long separation a chum or fat aunt whom one had been fond of as a child the unimpaired human warmth of the friendship was rediscovered at once, but with an old mistress this never happened — the human part of one’s affection seemed to be swept away with the dust of the inhuman passion, in a wholesale operation of demolishment. He looked at her and acknowledged the perfection of the potage, but she, this rather thick-set woman, goodhearted, no doubt, but restive and sour-faced, glazed over, nose, forehead and all, with a sort of brownish oil that she considered to be more ‘juvenizing’ than powder, was more of a stranger to him than Bouteillan who had once carried her in his arms, in a feigned faint, out of a Ladore villa and into a cab, after a final, quite final row, on the eve of her wedding. (1.38)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): Persty: Evidently Pushkin’s vinograd:
as elongated and transparent
as are the fingers of a girl.
(devï molodoy, jeune fille)
ciel-étoilé: starry sky.
Van’s and Ada’s father, Demon Veen received a scratch in a sword duel with Baron d’Onsky (nicknamed Skonky):
Upon being questioned in Demon’s dungeon, Marina, laughing trillingly, wove a picturesque tissue of lies; then broke down, and confessed. She swore that all was over; that the Baron, a physical wreck and a spiritual Samurai, had gone to Japan forever. From a more reliable source Demon learned that the Samurai’s real destination was smart little Vatican, a Roman spa, whence he was to return to Aardvark, Massa, in a week or so. Since prudent Veen preferred killing his man in Europe (decrepit but indestructible Gamaliel was said to be doing his best to forbid duels in the Western Hemisphere — a canard or an idealistic President’s instant-coffee caprice, for nothing was to come of it after all), Demon rented the fastest petroloplane available, overtook the Baron (looking very fit) in Nice, saw him enter Gunter’s Bookshop, went in after him, and in the presence of the imperturbable and rather bored English shopkeeper, back-slapped the astonished Baron across the face with a lavender glove. The challenge was accepted; two native seconds were chosen; the Baron plumped for swords; and after a certain amount of good blood (Polish and Irish — a kind of American ‘Gory Mary’ in barroom parlance) had bespattered two hairy torsoes, the whitewashed terrace, the flight of steps leading backward to the walled garden in an amusing Douglas d’Artagnan arrangement, the apron of a quite accidental milkmaid, and the shirtsleeves of both seconds, charming Monsieur de Pastrouil and Colonel St Alin, a scoundrel, the latter gentlemen separated the panting combatants, and Skonky died, not ‘of his wounds’ (as it was viciously rumored) but of a gangrenous afterthought on the part of the least of them, possibly self-inflicted, a sting in the groin, which caused circulatory trouble, notwithstanding quite a few surgical interventions during two or three years of protracted stays at the Aardvark Hospital in Boston — a city where, incidentally, he married in 1869 our friend the Bohemian lady, now keeper of Glass Biota at the local museum. (1.2)
Baron d’Onsky seems to be a cross between Dmitri Donskoy, the Moscow Prince who defeated Khan Mamay in the battle of Kulikovo (1380), and Onegin’s donskoy zherebets (Don stallion) mentioned by Pushkin in Chapter Two (V: 4) of Eugene Onegin:
Сначала все к нему езжали;
Но так как с заднего крыльца
Обыкновенно подавали
Ему донского жеребца,
Лишь только вдоль большой дороги
Заслышат их домашни дроги, —
Поступком оскорбясь таким,
Все дружбу прекратили с ним.
«Сосед наш неуч; сумасбродит;
Он фармазон; он пьет одно
Стаканом красное вино;
Он дамам к ручке не подходит;
Все да да нет; не скажет да-с
Иль нет-с». Таков был общий глас.
At first they all would call on him,
but since to the back porch
habitually a Don stallion
for him was brought
as soon as one made out along the highway
the sound of their domestic runabouts —
outraged by such behavior,
they all ceased to be friends with him.
“Our neighbor is a boor; acts like a crackbrain;
he's a Freemason; he
drinks only red wine, by the tumbler;
he won't go up to kiss a lady's hand;
'tis all ‘yes,’ ‘no’ — he'll not say ‘yes, sir,’
or ‘no, sir.’ ” This was the general voice.
According to Ada, at Marina’s funeral she met d’Onsky’s son, a person with only one arm:
‘My upper-lip space feels indecently naked.’ (He had shaved his mustache off with howls of pain in her presence). ‘And I cannot keep sucking in my belly all the time.’
‘Oh, I like you better with that nice overweight — there’s more of you. It’s the maternal gene, I suppose, because Demon grew leaner and leaner. He looked positively Quixotic when I saw him at Mother’s funeral. It was all very strange. He wore blue mourning. D’Onsky’s son, a person with only one arm, threw his remaining one around Demon and both wept comme des fontaines. Then a robed person who looked like an extra in a technicolor incarnation of Vishnu made an incomprehensible sermon. Then she went up in smoke. He said to me, sobbing: "I will not cheat the poor grubs!" Practically a couple of hours after he broke that promise we had sudden visitors at the ranch — an incredibly graceful moppet of eight, black-veiled, and a kind of duenna, also in black, with two bodyguards. The hag demanded certain fantastic sums — which Demon, she said, had not had time to pay, for "popping the hymen" — whereupon I had one of our strongest boys throw out vsyu (the entire) kompaniyu.’
‘Extraordinary,’ said Van, ‘they had been growing younger and younger — I mean the girls, not the strong silent boys. His old Rosalind had a ten-year-old niece, a primed chickabiddy. Soon he would have been poaching them from the hatching chamber.’
‘You never loved your father,’ said Ada sadly.
‘Oh, I did and do — tenderly, reverently, understandingly, because, after all, that minor poetry of the flesh is something not unfamiliar to me. But as far as we are concerned, I mean you and I, he was buried on the same day as our uncle Dan.’
‘I know, I know. It’s pitiful! And what use was it? Perhaps I oughtn’t to tell you, but his visits to Agavia kept getting rarer and shorter every year. Yes, it was pitiful to hear him and Andrey talking. I mean, Andrey n’a pas le verbe facile, though he greatly appreciated — without quite understanding it — Demon’s wild flow of fancy and fantastic fact, and would often exclaim, with his Russian "tssk-tssk" and a shake of the head — complimentary and all that — "what a balagur (wag) you are!" — And then, one day, Demon warned me that he would not come any more if he heard again poor Andrey’s poor joke (Nu i balagur-zhe vï, Dementiy Labirintovich) or what Dorothy, l’impayable ("priceless for impudence and absurdity") Dorothy, thought of my camping out in the mountains with only Mayo, a cowhand, to protect me from lions.’ (3.8)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): comme etc.: shedding floods of tears.
N’a pas le verbe etc.: lacks the gift of the gab.
In a letter from Kharkov to his wife Father Fyodor compares Vorobyaninov to a lion (Part One of “The Twelve Chairs” is entitled “The Lion of Stargorod”). In Chekhov’s story “In Autumn” muzhichonok (a small peasant) who enters the tavern of Uncle Tikhon okinul vzglyadom vsyu kompaniyu (looks around at all people who are there):
На дворе скрипнула телега. Послышалось «тпррр» и шлепанье по грязи… В кабак вбежал маленький мужичок в длинном тулупе и с острой бородой. Он был мокр и грязен.
— Ну-кася! — крикнул он, стуча пятаком о прилавок. — Стакан мадеры настоящей! Наливай!
И, ухарски повернувшись на одной ноге, он окинул взглядом всю компанию.
— Растаяли сахарные, тетка ваша подкурятина! Дождя испугались, ахиды! Нежные! А это что за изюмина?
Мужичонок прыгнул к прохвосту и поглядел ему в лицо.
— Вот туды! Барин! — сказал он. — Семен Сергеич! Господа наши! А? С какой такой стати вы в этом кабаке прохлаждаетесь? Нешто вам здесь место? Эх… мученик несчастный!
Барин взглянул на мужичонка и закрылся рукавом. Мужичонок вздохнул, покачал головой, отчаянно махнул обеими руками и пошел к прилавку пить водку.
In his memoir essay “A. P. Chekhov in the Moscow Art Theater” K. S. Stanislavski says that at one time Chekhov planned to have among the characters of his play Vishnyovyi sad (“The Cherry Orchard,” 1904) an one-armed billiardist:
Мне посчастливилось наблюдать со стороны за процессом создания Чеховым его пьесы «Вишневый сад». Как-то при разговоре с Антоном Павловичем о рыбной ловле наш артист А.Р. Артем изображал, как насаживают червя на крючок, как закидывают удочку донную или с поплавком. Эти и им подобные сцены передавались неподражаемым артистом с большим талантом, и Чехов искренне жалел о том, что их не увидит большая публика в театре. Вскоре после этого Чехов присутствовал при купании в реке другого нашего артиста и тут же решил:
- Послушайте, надо же, чтобы Артем удил рыбу в моей пьесе, а N купался рядом в купальне, барахтался бы там и кричал, а Артем злился бы на него за то, что он ему пугает рыбу.
Антон Павлович мысленно видел их на сцене - одного удящим около купальни, другого - купающимся в ней, то есть за сценой. Через несколько дней Антон Павлович объявил нам торжественно, что купающемуся ампутировали руку, но, несмотря на это, он страстно любит играть на бильярде своей единственной рукой. Рыболов же оказался стариком лакеем, скопившим деньжонки.
Через некоторое время в воображении Чехова стало рисоваться окно старого помещичьего дома, через которое лезли в комнату ветки деревьев. Потом они зацвели снежно-белым цветом. Затем в воображаемом Чеховым доме поселилась какая-то барыня.
- Но только у вас нет такой актрисы. Послушайте! Надо же особую старуху, - соображал Чехов. - Она же все бегает к старому лакею и занимает у него деньги...
Около старухи очутился не то ее брат, не то дядя - безрукий барин, страстный любитель игры на бильярде. Это большое дитя, которое не может жить без лакея. Как-то раз последний уехал, не приготовив барину брюк, и потому он пролежал весь день в постели...
In a conversation with Van in her boudoir Marina mentions Stanislavski, Konstantin Sergeevich:
Naked-faced, dull-haired, wrapped up in her oldest kimono (her Pedro had suddenly left for Rio), Marina reclined on her mahogany bed under a golden-yellow quilt, drinking tea with mare’s milk, one of her fads.
‘Sit down, have a spot of chayku,’ she said. ‘The cow is in the smaller jug, I think. Yes, it is.’ And when Van, having kissed her freckled hand, lowered himself on the ivanilich (a kind of sighing old hassock upholstered in leather): ‘Van, dear, I wish to say something to you, because I know I shall never have to repeat it again. Belle, with her usual flair for the right phrase, has cited to me the cousinage-dangereux-voisinage adage — I mean "adage," I always fluff that word — and complained qu’on s’embrassait dans tous les coins. Is that true?’
Van’s mind flashed in advance of his speech. It was, Marina, a fantastic exaggeration. The crazy governess had observed it once when he carried Ada across a brook and kissed her because she had hurt her toe. I’m the well-known beggar in the saddest of all stories.
‘Erunda (nonsense),’ said Van. ‘She once saw me carrying Ada across the brook and misconstrued our stumbling huddle (spotïkayushcheesya sliyanie).’
‘I do not mean Ada, silly,’ said Marina with a slight snort, as she fussed over the teapot. ‘Azov, a Russian humorist, derives erunda from the German hier und da, which is neither here nor there. Ada is a big girl, and big girls, alas, have their own worries. Mlle Larivière meant Lucette, of course. Van, those soft games must stop. Lucette is twelve, and naive, and I know it’s all clean fun, yet (odnako) one can never behave too delikatno in regard to a budding little woman. A propos de coins: in Griboedov’s Gore ot uma, "How stupid to be so clever," a play in verse, written, I think, in Pushkin’s time, the hero reminds Sophie of their childhood games, and says:
How oft we sat together in a corner
And what harm might there be in that?
but in Russian it is a little ambiguous, have another spot, Van?’ (he shook his head, simultaneously lifting his hand, like his father), ‘because, you see, — no, there is none left anyway — the second line, i kazhetsya chto v etom, can be also construed as "And in that one, meseems," pointing with his finger at a corner of the room. Imagine — when I was rehearsing that scene with Kachalov at the Seagull Theater, in Yukonsk, Stanislavski, Konstantin Sergeevich, actually wanted him to make that cosy little gesture (uyutnen’kiy zhest).’
‘How very amusing,’ said Van. (1.37)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): chayku: Russ., tea (diminutive).
Ivanilich: a pouf plays a marvelous part in Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich, where it sighs deeply under a friend of the widow’s.
cousinage: cousinhood is dangerous neighborhood.
on s’embrassait: kissing went on in every corner.
erunda: Russ., nonsense.
hier und da: Germ., here and there.
In his essay Ob Annenskom (“On Annenski,” 1921) Vladislav Hodasevich compares Innokentiy Annenski (1855-1909) to Ivan Ilyich Golovin (the main character in Tolstoy’s story “The Death of Ivan Ilyich,” 1886) and points out that Annenski regarded his penname Nik. T-o (“Mr. Nobody”) as a translation of Greek Outis, the pseudonym under which Odysseus conceals his identity from Polyphemus (the Cyclops in Homer’s Odyssey):
Чего не додумал Иван Ильич, то знал Анненский. Знал, что никаким директорством, никаким бытом и даже никакой филологией от смерти по-настоящему не загородиться. Она у ничтожит и директора, и барина, и филолога. Только над истинным его "я", над тем, что отображается в "чувствах и мыслях", над личностью -- у неё как будто нет власти. И он находил реальное, осязаемое отражение и утверждение личности -- в поэзии. Тот, чьё лицо он видел, подходя к зеркалу, был директор гимназии, смертный никто. Тот, чьё лицо отражалось в поэзии, был бессмертный некто. Ник. Т-о -- никто -- есть безличный действительный статский советник, которым, как видимой оболочкой, прикрыт невидимый некто. Этот свой псевдоним, под которым он печатал стихи, Анненский рассматривал как перевод греческого "утис", никто, -- того самого псевдонима, под которым Одиссей скрыл от циклопа Полифема своё истинное имя, свою подлинную личность, своего некто. Поэзия была для него заклятием страшного Полифема -- смерти. Но психологически это не только не мешало, а даже способствовало тому, чтобы его вдохновительницей, его Музой была смерть.
In his poem Toska vokzala (“Train-Station Sadness,” 1909) Annenski (who died of heart failure at a railway station) calls the one-armed conductor emblema razluki (the emblem of parting):
И эмблема разлуки
В обманувшем свиданьи —
Кондукто́р однорукий
У часов в ожиданьи…
The emblem of parting
In a deceitful assignation —
The one-armed conductor
By the clock, in anticipation…
According to Marina, even the shortest separation is a kind of training for the Elysian Games. Van’s traurnïy (funerary) costume brings to mind Annenski’s Trilistnik traurnyi (“Funerary Trefoil”), a cycle of three poems included in Annenski’s posthumous book Kiparisovyi larets (“The Cypress Box,” 1910), and the girl's shlyapa s traurnymi per'yami (hat with its funereal plumes) in Blok's poem Neznakomka ("The Unknown Woman," 1906).
The opéra bouffe of the Christians’ eternity mentioned by Marina brings to mind Mayakovski's play Mystery-Bouffe (1918). Hodasevich's essay on Mayakovski is entitled Dekol'tirovannaya loshad' ("The Horse in a Décolleté Dress,” 1927).
In the fourth poem of his cycle Plyaski smerti ("Dances of Death," 1912-14), Staryi, staryi son. Iz mraka... ("The old, old dream. From darkness..."), Alexander Blok, the author of Dvenadtsat' ("The Twelve," 1918), mentions prostitutka i razvratnik (a prostitute and a rake):
В воротах гремит звонок,
Глухо щёлкает замок.
Переходят за порог
Проститутка и развратник...
In his memoir essay Aleksandr Blok kak chelovek (“Alexander Blok as a Person,” 1921) Korney Chukovski (the author of “From Chekhov to Our Days,” 1908) says that Blok was the last Russian poet of gentle birth who could adorn his house with the portraits of his grandfathers and great-grandfathers:
Блок был последний поэт-дворянин, последний из русских поэтов, кто мог бы украсить свой дом портретами дедов и прадедов.
Showing to Van the portrait gallery in Ardis Hall, Ada points out her favorite ancestor, Prince Vseslav Zemski:
They went back to the corridor, she tossing her hair, he clearing his throat. Further down, a door of some playroom or nursery stood ajar and stirred to and fro as little Lucette peeped out, one russet knee showing. Then the doorleaf flew open — but she darted inside and away. Cobalt sailing boats adorned the white tiles of a stove, and as her sister and he passed by that open door a toy barrel organ invitingly went into action with a stumbling little minuet. Ada and Van returned to the ground floor — this time all the way down the sumptuous staircase. Of the many ancestors along the wall, she pointed out her favorite, old Prince Vseslav Zemski (1699–1797), friend of Linnaeus and author of Flora Ladorica, who was portrayed in rich oil holding his barely pubescent bride and her blond doll in his satin lap. An enlarged photograph, soberly framed, hung (rather incongruously, Van thought) next to the rose-bud-lover in his embroidered coat. The late Sumerechnikov, American precursor of the Lumière brothers, had taken Ada’s maternal uncle in profile with upcheeked violin, a doomed youth, after his farewell concert. (1.6)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): Sumerechnikov: the name is derived from ‘sumerki’ (‘dusk’ in Russian).
V sumerkakh (“In the Twilight,” 1887) is a collection of stories by Chekhov. On the other hand, in his essay A. A. Blok kak poet (“A. A. Blok as a Poet,” 1921-24) Chukovski points out that sumerki was one of Blok’s favorite words:
Тут был не случайный, а главный эпитет, поглощающий собою остальные. Слово сумрак было его любимейшим словом. А также – сумерки, мгла, тьма. (II)