Vladimir Nabokov

conchologists & hell in Pale Fire

By Alexey Sklyarenko, 26 August, 2023

In his Commentary to Shade's poem Kinbote (Shade’s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla) says that conchologists among the kings can be counted on the fingers of one maimed hand:

 

To return to the King: take for instance the question of personal culture. How often is it that kings engage in some special research? Conchologists among them can be counted on the fingers of one maimed hand. The last king of Zembla—partly under the influence of his uncle Conmal, the great translator of Shakespeare (see notes to lines 39-40 and 962), had become, despite frequent migraines, passionately addicted to the study of literature. At forty, not long before the collapse of his throne, he had attained such a degree of scholarship that he dared accede to his venerable uncle’s raucous dying request: “Teach, Karlik!” Of course, it would have been unseemly for a monarch to appear in the robes of learning at a university lectern and present to rosy youths Finnegans Wake as a monstrous extension of Angus MacDiarmid's "incoherent transactions" and of Southey's Lingo-Grande ("Dear Stumparumper," etc.) or discuss the Zemblan variants, collected in 1798 by Hodinski, of the Kongsskugg-sio (The Royal Mirror), an anonymous masterpiece of the twelfth century. Therefore he lectured under an assumed name and in a heavy make-up, with wig and false whiskers. All brown-bearded, apple-checked, blue-eyed Zemblans look alike, and I who have not shaved now for a year, resemble my disguised king (see also note to line 894). (note to Line 12)

 

Conchologists are people who study conchology (the branch of zoology dealing with the shells of mollusks). In her poem Coda (1928) Dorothy Parker says that work is the province of cattle, and rest is for a clam in a shell:

 

There's little in taking or giving,
 There's little in water or wine;
This living, this living, this living
 Was never a project of mine.
Oh, hard is the struggle, and sparse is
 The gain of the one at the top,
For art is a form of catharsis,
 And love is a permanent flop,
And work is the province of cattle,
 And rest's for a clam in a shell,
So I'm thinking of throwing the battle-
 Would you kindly direct me to hell?

 

In Dorothy Parker's poem 'shell' rhymes with 'hell' (the poem's last word). Shade's poem The Nature of Electricity (quoted by Kinbote in his Commentary) ends in the line "The roar of tyrants torn in hell:"

 

The light never came back but it gleams again in a short poem "The Nature of Electricity", which John Shade had sent to the New York magazine The Beau and the Butterfly, some time in 1958, but which appeared only after his death:

 

The dead, the gentle dead - who knows?

In tungsten filaments abide,

And on my bedside table flows

Another man's departed bride.

 

And maybe Shakespeare floods a whole

Town with innumerable lights,

And Shelley's incandescent soul

Lures the pale moths of starless nights.

 

Streetlamps are numbered; and maybe

Number nine-hundred-ninety-nine

(So brightly beaming through a tree

So green) is an old friend of mine.

 

And when above the livid plain

Forked lightning plays, therein may dwell

The torments of a Tamerlane,

The roar of tyrants torn in hell.

 

Science tells us, by the way, that the Earth would not merely fall apart, but vanish like a ghost, if Electricity were suddenly removed from the world. (note to Line 347)

 

Shade's poem is almost finished when the author is killed by Gradus. In its unfinished form Shade's poem consists of 999 lines. Kinbote believes that, to be completed, Shade’s poem needs but one line (Line 1000, identical to Line 1: “I was the shadow of the waxwing slain”). But it seems that, like some sonnets, Shade's poem also needs a coda (Line 1001: “By its own double in the windowpane”).