Vladimir Nabokov

Corfu in Lolita & in Drugie berega

By Alexey Sklyarenko, 30 May, 2023

According to Humbert Humbert (the narrator and main character in VN’s novel Lolita, 1955), Annabel Leigh (Humbert's childhood love) died of typhus in Corfu:

 

Among some treasures I lost during the wanderings of my adult years, there was a snapshot taken by my aunt which showed Annabel, her parents and the staid, elderly, lame gentleman, a Dr. Cooper, who that same summer courted my aunt, grouped around a table in a sidewalk café. Annabel did not come out well, caught as she was in the act of bending over her chocolat glacé, and her thin bare shoulders and the parting in her hair were about all that could be identified (as I remember that picture) amid the sunny blur into which her lost loveliness graded; but I, sitting somewhat apart from the rest, came out with a kind of dramatic conspicuousness: a moody, beetle-browed boy in a dark sport shirt and well-tailored white shorts, his legs crossed, sitting in profile, looking away. That photograph was taken on the last day of our fatal summer and just a few minutes before we made our second and final attempt to thwart fate. Under the flimsiest of pretexts (this was our very last chance, and nothing really mattered) we escaped from the café to the beach, and found a desolate stretch of sand, and there, in the violet shadow of some red rocks forming a kind of cave, had a brief session of avid caresses, with somebody’s lost pair of sunglasses for only witness. I was on my knees, and on the point of possessing my darling, when two bearded bathers, the old man of the sea and his brother, came out of the sea with exclamations of ribald encouragement, and four months later she died of typhus in Corfu. (1.5)

 

Humbert's aunt Sybil took a snapshot of Annabel's family on August 31, 1923 (the last day of Humbert's and Annabel's fatal summer). Four months later, on January 1, 1924, Annabel died in Corfu. Dolores Haze (Lolita's full name) was born on January 1, 1935 (eleven years after Annabel's death).

 

In Drugie berega ("Other Shores," 1954), the Russian version of his autobiography Speak, Memory (1951), VN says that his paternal grandmother, born Baroness von Korff, came from an ancient German (Westphalian) family and found a simple charm in the fact that Corfu (one of the Ionian Islands off the NW coast of Greece) was named after her ancestor, a crusader:

 

Восемнадцати лет покинув Петербург, я (вот пример галлицизма) был слишком молод в России, чтобы проявить какое-либо любопытство к моей родословной; теперь я жалею об этом - из соображений технических: при отчетливости личной памяти неотчетливость семейной отражается на равновесии слов. Уже в эмиграции кое-какими занятными сведениями снабдил меня двоюродный мой дядюшка Владимир Викторович Голубцов, большой любитель таких изысканий. У него получалось, что старый дворянский род Набоковых произошел не от каких-то псковичей, живших как-то там в сторонке, на обочье, и не от кривобокого, набокого, как хотелось бы, а от обрусевшего шестьсот лет тому назад татарского князька по имени Набок. Бабка же моя, мать отца, рожденная баронесса Корф, была из древнего немецкого (вестфальского) рода и находила простую прелесть в том, что в честь предка-крестоносца был будто бы назван остров Корфу. Корфы эти обрусели еще в восемнадцатом веке, и среди них энциклопедии отмечают много видных людей. По отцовской линии мы состоим в разнообразном родстве или свойстве с Аксаковыми, Шишковыми, Пущиными, Данзасами. Думаю, что было уже почти темно, когда по скрипучему снегу внесли раненого в геккернскую карету. Среди моих предков много служилых людей; есть усыпанные бриллиантовыми знаками участники славных войн; есть сибирский золотопромышленник и миллионщик (Василий Рукавишников, дед моей матери Елены Ивановны); есть ученый президент медико-хирургической академии (Николай Козлов, другой ее дед); есть герой Фридляндского, Бородинского, Лейпцигского и многих других сражений, генерал от инфантерии Иван Набоков (брат моего прадеда), он же директор Чесменской богадельни и комендант С.-Петербургской крепости - той, в которой сидел супостат Достоевский (рапорты доброго Ивана Александровича царю напечатаны - кажется, в "Красном Архиве"); есть министр юстиции Дмитрий Николаевич Набоков (мой дед); и есть, наконец, известный общественный деятель Владимир Дмитриевич (мой отец). (Chapter Three, 1)

 

According to VN, his paternal ancestors were related to the Aksakov, Shishkov, Pushchin and Danzas families. Ivan Pushchin and Konstantin Danzas (Pushkin's second in the poet's fatal duel with d'Anthès) were Pushkin's schoolmates at the Lyceum. Among Pushkin's schoolmates was Baron Modest Korf (1800-75).

 

In Speak, Memory VN says that his grandfather (who married Maria Korf when she was seventeen) died on March 28, 1904, exactly eighteen years, day for day, before his father (who was assassinated by a terrorist):

 

Dmitri Nabokov (the ending in ff was an old Continental fad), State Minister of Justice from 1878 to 1885, did what he could to protect, if not to strengthen, the liberal reforms of the sixties (trial by jury, for instance) against ferocious reactionary attacks. “He acted,” says a biographer (Brockhaus’ Encyclopedia, second Russian edition), “much like the captain of a ship in a storm who would throw overboard part of the cargo in order to save the rest.” The epitaphical simile unwittingly echoes, I note, an epigraphical theme—my grandfather’s earlier attempt to throw the law out of the window.

At his retirement, Alexander the Third offered him to choose between the title of count and a sum of money, presumably large—I do not know what exactly an earldom was worth in Russia, but contrary to the thrifty Tsar’s hopes my grandfather (as also his uncle Ivan, who had been offered a similar choice by Nicholas the First) plumped for the more solid reward. (“Encore un comte raté,” dryly comments Sergey Sergeevich.) After that he lived mostly abroad. In the first years of this century his mind became clouded but he clung to the belief that as long as he remained in the Mediterranean region everything would be all right. Doctors took the opposite view and thought he might live longer in the climate of some mountain resort or in Northern Russia. There is an extraordinary story, which I have not been able to piece together adequately, of his escaping from his attendants somewhere in Italy. There he wandered about, denouncing, with King Lear-like vehemence, his children to grinning strangers, until he was captured in a wild rocky place by some matter-of-fact carabinieri. During the winter of 1903, my mother, the only person whose presence, in his moments of madness, the old man could bear, was constantly at his side in Nice. My brother and I, aged three and four respectively, were also there with our English governess; I remember the windowpanes rattling in the bright breeze and the amazing pain caused by a drop of hot sealing wax on my finger. Using a candle flame (diluted to a deceptive pallor by the sunshine that invaded the stone slabs on which I was kneeling), I had been engaged in transforming dripping sticks of the stuff into gluey, marvelously smelling, scarlet and blue and bronze-colored blobs. The next moment I was bellowing on the floor, and my mother had hurried to the rescue, and somewhere nearby my grandfather in a wheelchair was thumping the resounding flags with his cane. She had a hard time with him. He used improper language. He kept mistaking the attendant who rolled him along the Promenade des Anglais for Count Loris-Melikov, a (long-deceased) colleague of his in the ministerial cabinet of the eighties. “Qui est cette femme—chassez-la!” he would cry to my mother as he pointed a shaky finger at the Queen of Belgium or Holland who had stopped to inquire about his health. Dimly I recall running up to his chair to show him a pretty pebble, which he slowly examined and then slowly put into his mouth. I wish I had had more curiosity when, in later years, my mother used to recollect those times.
   He would lapse for ever-increasing periods into an unconscious state; during one such lapse he was transferred to his pied-à-terre on the Palace Quay in St. Petersburg. As he gradually regained consciousness, my mother camouflaged his bedroom into the one he had had in Nice. Some similar pieces of furniture were found and a number of articles rushed from Nice by a special messenger, and all the flowers his hazy senses had been accustomed to were obtained, in their proper variety and profusion, and a bit of house wall that could be just glimpsed from the window was painted a brilliant white, so every time he reverted to a state of comparative lucidity he found himself safe on the illusory Riviera artistically staged by my mother; and there, on March 28, 1904, exactly eighteen years, day for day, before my father, he peacefully died. (Chapter Three, 1)

 

According to John Ray, Jr. (the author of the Foreword to Humbert’s manuscript), Mrs. “Richard F. Schiller” (Lolita’s married name) died in childbed, giving birth to a stillborn girl, on Christmas Day 1952, in Gray Star, a settlement in the remotest Northwest:

 

For the benefit of old-fashioned readers who wish to follow the destinies of “real” people beyond the “true” story, a few details may be given as received from Mr. “Windmuller,” of “Ramsdale,” who desires his identity suppressed so that “the long shadows of this sorry and sordid business” should not reach the community to which he is proud to belong. His daughter, “Louise,” is by now a college sophomore. “Mona Dahl” is a student in Paris. “Rita” has recently married the proprietor of a hotel in Florida. Mrs. “Richard F. Schiller” died in childbed, giving birth to a stillborn girl, on Christmas Day 1952, in Gray Star, a settlement in the remotest Northwest. ‘Vivian Darkbloom’ has written a biography, ‘My Cue,’ to be published shortly, and critics who have perused the manuscript call it her best book. The caretakers of the various cemeteries involved report that no ghosts walk.

 

Gray Star brings to mind seraya ot zvyozd dal’ (remote regions grey from the stars) mentioned by VN at the beginning of Drugie berega:

 

Сколько раз я чуть не вывихивал разума, стараясь высмотреть малейший луч личного среди безличной тьмы по оба предела жизни? Я готов был стать единоверцем последнего шамана, только бы не отказаться от внутреннего убеждения, что себя я не вижу в вечности лишь из-за земного времени, глухой стеной окружающего жизнь. Я забирался мыслью в серую от звёзд даль -- но ладонь скользила всё по той же совершенно непроницаемой глади. Кажется, кроме самоубийства, я перепробовал все выходы. Я отказывался от своего лица, чтобы проникнуть заурядным привидением в мир, существовавший до меня. Я мирился с унизительным соседством романисток, лепечущих о разных йогах и атлантидах. Я терпел даже отчёты о медиумистических переживаниях каких-то английских полковников индийской службы, довольно ясно помнящих свои прежние воплощения под ивами Лхассы. В поисках ключей и разгадок я рылся в своих самых ранних снах -- и раз уж я заговорил о снах, прошу заметить, что безоговорочно отметаю фрейдовщину и всю её тёмную средневековую подоплеку, с её маниакальной погоней за половой символикой, с её угрюмыми эмбриончиками, подглядывающими из природных засад угрюмое родительское соитие.

 

Over and over again, my mind has made colossal efforts to distinguish the faintest of personal glimmers in the impersonal darkness on both sides of my life. That this darkness is caused merely by the walls of time separating me and my bruised fists from the free world of timelessness is a belief I gladly share with the most gaudily painted savage. I have journeyed back in thought—with thought hopelessly tapering off as I went—to remote regions where I groped for some secret outlet only to discover that the prison of time is spherical and without exits. I have journeyed back in thought—with thought hopelessly tapering off as I went—to remote regions where I groped for some secret outlet only to discover that the prison of time is spherical and without exits. Short of suicide, I have tried everything. I have doffed my identity in order to pass for a conventional spook and steal into realms that existed before I was conceived. I have mentally endured the degrading company of Victorian lady novelists and retired colonels who remembered having, in former lives, been slave messengers on a Roman road or sages under the willows of Lhasa. I have ransacked my oldest dreams for keys and clues—and let me say at once that I reject completely the vulgar, shabby, fundamentally medieval world of Freud, with its crankish quest for sexual symbols (something like searching for Baconian acrostics in Shakespeare’s works) and its bitter little embryos spying, from their natural nooks, upon the love life of their parents. (Chapter One, 1)


Luch being Russian for “ray,” maleyshiy luch lichnogo (the faintest of personal glimmers) that VN tried to distinguish in the impersonal darkness on both sides of his life brings to mind John Ray, Jr.

 

The title of VN's Russian autobiography, Drugie berega, hints at Inye berega, inye volny (Other shores, other waves), a line in Pushkin's poem Vnov' ya posetil ("I revisited again," 1835):

 

Вот холм лесистый, над которым часто
Я сиживал недвижим — и глядел
На озеро, воспоминая с грустью
Иные берега, иные волны…