Describing his wife, Queen Disa (Duchess of Payn, of Great Payn and Mone), Kinbote (in VN’s novel Pale Fire, 1962, Shade’s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla) quotes a Zemblan saying belwif ivurkumpf wid spew ebanumf ("A beautiful woman should be like a compass rose of ivory with four parts of ebony”):
Since her final departure from Zembla he had visited her twice, the last time two years before; and during that lapse of time her pale-skin, dark-hair beauty had acquired a new, mature and melancholy glow. In Zembla, where most females are freckled blondes, we have the saying: belwif ivurkumpf wid spew ebanumf, "A beautiful woman should be like a compass rose of ivory with four parts of ebony." And this was the trim scheme nature had followed in Disa's case. There was something else, something I was to realize only when I read Pale Fire, or rather reread it after the first bitter hot mist of disappointment had cleared before my eyes. I am thinking of lines 261-267 in which Shade describes his wife. At the moment of his painting that poetical portrait, the sitter was twice the age of Queen Disa. I do not wish to be vulgar in dealing with these delicate matters but the fact remains that sixty-year-old Shade is lending here a well-conserved coeval the ethereal and eternal aspect she retains, or should retain, in his kind noble heart. Now the curious thing about it is that Disa at thirty, when last seen in September 1958, bore a singular resemblance not, of course, to Mrs. Shade as she was when I met her, but to the idealized and stylized picture painted by the poet in those lines of Pale Fire. Actually it was idealized and stylized only in regard to the older woman; in regard to Queen Disa, as she was that afternoon on that blue terrace, it represented a plain unretouched likeness. I trust the reader appreciates the strangeness of this, because if he does not, there is no sense in writing poems, or notes to poems, or anything at all. (note to Lines 433-434)
A compass rose of ivory with four parts of ebony brings to mind Firval’dshtetskoe ozero – Roza Vetrov (Lake Lucerne – a Compass Rose), the first line of Balmont’s poem Golubaya roza (“The Blue Rose,” 1903):
Фирвальдштетское озеро – Роза Ветров,
Под ветрами колышутся семь лепестков.
Эта роза сложилась меж царственных гор
В изумрудно-лазурный узор.
Широки лепестки из блистающих вод,
Голубая мечта, в них качаясь, живет.
Под ветрами встает цветовая игра,
Принимая налет серебра.
Для кого расцвела ты, красавица вод?
Этой розы никто никогда не сорвет.
В водяной лепесток – лишь глядится живой,
Этой розе дивясь мировой.
Горы встали кругом, в снеге рады цветам,
Юной Девой одна называется там.
С этой Девой далекой ты слита Судьбой,
Роза-влага, цветок голубой.
Вы равно замечтались о горной весне.
Ваша мысль – в голубом, ваша жизнь – в белизне.
Дева белых снегов, голубых ледников,
Как идет к тебе Роза Ветров!
In VN’s essay Chto vsyakiy dolzhen znat’? (“What Everyone Should Know?” 1931) the Freudian mentions a man who saw in his dream Firval’dshtetskoe ozero (Lake Lucerne) after a visit to Firval’dshtetskoe ozero:
Господа, проверяйте психоанализом ваши сны. Кому из нас не приходилось после сытных разговен, "орать во власти кошемара" или, после поездки на Фирвальдштетское озеро, видеть во сне Фирвальдштетское озеро? Но почему это бывает? А вот почему. Человек, съевший три четверти пасхи и ночью вступивший в борьбу с помесью сатира и мастодонта, находится под гнетом собственных неудовлетворенных желаний (эротических). Озеро значит то же самое.
In the preceding paragraph of VN’s essay the Freudian mentions a man who met a tiger in the woods and experienced horror tigris:
Господа, в пустом анекдоте выражена бывает иногда глубочайшая истина. Приведу следующий: Сын: "Папа, я хочу жениться на бабусе..." Отец: "Не говори глупостей". Сын: "Почему же, папа, ты можешь жениться на моей маме, а я не могу на твоей?" Пустяк, скажете. Однако в нем, в этом пустяке, уже есть вся сущность учения о комплексах! Этот мальчик, этот чистый и честный юноша, которому отец (тупой рутинер) отказывает в удовлетворении естественной страсти, либо страсть свою затаит и будет всю жизнь несчастлив (Tantalus-комплекс), либо убьет отца (каторга-комплекс), либо, наконец, желание свое все-таки исполнит, несмотря ни на что (счастливый брак-комплекс), Или возьмем другой пример: человек, скажем, чувствует приступ непонятного страха, встретившись в лесу с тигром. Чем же этот страх объяснить? Изящный и простой ответ, господа, нам дается психоанализом: несомненно, что этого человека в раннем детстве напугала картинка или тигровая шкура под маминым роялем; этот ужас (horror tigris) продолжает в нем жить подсознательно, и потом, в зрелом возрасте, при встрече с настоящим зверем, как бы вырывается наружу. Будь с ним вместе в лесу толковый врач, он бы из пациента выудил бирюльку воспоминания, а тигру напомнил бы в простых словах, как он, тигр, в свое время вкусил человеческого мяса, отчего и стал людоедом. Результат беседы ясен.
Horror tigris brings to mind tiger tea that the King tried in the hope that it will help him to possess his wife:
In the beginning of their calamitous marriage he had strenuously tried to possess her but to no avail. He informed her he had never made love before (which was perfectly true insofar as the implied object could only mean one thing to her), upon which he was forced to endure the ridicule of having her dutiful purity involuntarily enact the ways of a courtesan with a client too young or too old; he said something to that effect (mainly to relieve the ordeal), and she made an atrocious scene. He farced himself with aphrodisiacs, but the anterior characters of her unfortunate sex kept fatally putting him off. One night when he tried tiger tea, and hopes rose high, he made the mistake of begging her to comply with an expedient which she made the mistake of denouncing as unnatural and disgusting. Finally he told her that an old riding accident was incapacitating him but that a cruise with his pals and a lot of sea bathing would be sure to restore his strength. (note to Lines 433-434)
Describing his calamitous marriage, Kinbote mentions his poignant dreams of Disa:
What had the sentiments he entertained in regard to Disa ever amounted to? Friendly indifference and bleak respect. Not even in the first bloom of their marriage had he felt any tenderness or any excitement. Of pity, of heartache, there could be no question. He was, had always been, casual and heartless. But the heart of his dreaming self, both before and after the rupture, made extraordinary amends.
He dreamed of her more often, and with incomparably more poignancy, than his surface-like feelings for her warranted; these dreams occurred when he least thought of her, and worries in no way connected with her assumed her image in the subliminal world as a battle or a reform becomes a bird of wonder in a tale for children. These heart-rending dreams transformed the drab prose of his feelings for her into strong and strange poetry, subsiding undulations of which would flash and disturb him throughout the day, bringing back the pang and the richness - and then only the pang, and then only its glancing reflection - but not affecting at all his attitude towards the real Disa.
Her image, as she entered and re-entered his sleep, rising apprehensively from a distant sofa or going in search of the messenger who, they said, had just passed through the draperies, took into account changes of fashion: but the Disa wearing the dress he had seen on her the summer of the Glass Works explosion, or last Sunday, or in any other antechamber of time, forever remained exactly as she looked on the day he had first told her he did not love her. That happened during a hopeless trip to Italy, in a lakeside hotel garden - roses, black araucarias, rusty, greenish hydrangeas - one cloudless evening with the mountains of the far shore swimming in a sunset haze and the lake all peach syrup regularly rippled with pale blue, and the captions of a newspaper spread flat on the foul bottom near the stone bank perfectly readable through the shallow diaphanous filth, and because, upon hearing him out, she sank down on the lawn in an impossible posture, examining a grass culm and frowning, he had taken his words back at once; but the shock had fatally starred the mirror, and thenceforth in his dreams her image was infected with the memory of that confession as with some disease or the secret aftereffects of a surgical operation too intimate to be mentioned.
The gist, rather than the actual plot of the dream, was a constant refutation of his not loving her. His dream-love for her exceeded in emotional tone, in spiritual passion and depth, anything he had experienced in his surface existence. This love was like an endless wringing of hands, like a blundering of the soul through an infinite maze of hopelessness and remorse. They were, in a sense, amorous dreams, for they were permeated with tenderness, with a longing to sink his head onto her lap and sob away the monstrous past. They brimmed with the awful awareness of her being so young and so helpless. They were purer than his life. What carnal aura there was in them came not from her but from those with whom he betrayed her - prickly-chinned Phrynia, pretty Timandra with that boom under her apron - and even so the sexual scum remained somewhere far above the sunken treasure and was quite unimportant. He would see her being accosted by a misty relative so distant as to be practically featureless. She would quickly hide what she held and extended her arched hand to be kissed. He knew she had just come across a telltale object - a riding boot in his bed - establishing beyond any doubt his unfaithfulness. Sweat beaded her pale, naked forehead - but she had to listen to the prattle of a chance visitor or direct the movements of a workman with a ladder who was nodding his head and looking up as he carried it in his arms to the broken window. One might bear - a strong merciless dreamer might bear - the knowledge of her grief and pride but none could bear the sight of her automatic smile as she turned from the agony of the disclosure to the polite trivialities required of her. She would be canceling an illumination, or discussing hospital cots with the head nurse, or merely ordering breakfast for two in the sea cave - and through the everyday plainness of the talk, through the play of the charming gestures with which she always accompanied certain readymade phrases, he, the groaning dreamer, perceived the disarray of her soul and was aware that an odious, undeserved, humiliating disaster had befallen her, and that only obligations of etiquette and her staunch kindness to a guiltless third party gave her the force to smile. As one watched the light on her face, one foresaw it would fade in a moment, to be replaced - as soon as the visitor left - by that impossible little frown the dreamer could never forget. He would help her again to her feet on the same lakeside lawn, with parts of the lake fitting themselves into the spaces between the rising balusters, and presently he and she would be walking side by side along an anonymous alley, and he would feel she was looking at him out of the corner of a faint smile but when he forced himself to confront that questioning glimmer, she was no longer there. Everything had changed, everybody was happy. And he absolutely had to find her at once to tell her that he adored her, but the large audience before him separated him from the door, and the notes reaching him through a succession of hands said that she was not available; that she was inaugurating a fire; that she had married an American businessman; that she had become a character in a novel; that she was dead. (ibid.)
On the other hand, "a compass rose of ivory with four parts of ebony" makes one think of "ivory unicorns and ebony fauns" mentioned by Shade at the end of Canto Three of his poem:
It did not matter who they were. No sound,
No furtive light came from their involute
Abode, but there they were, aloof and mute,
Playing a game of worlds, promoting pawns
To ivory unicorns and ebon fauns;
Kindling a long life here, extinguishing
A short one there; killing a Balkan king;
Causing a chunk of ice formed on a high
Flying airplane to plummet from the sky
And strike a farmer dead; hiding my keys,
Glasses or pipe. Coordinating these
Events and objects with remote events
And vanished objects. Making ornaments
Of accidents and possibilities.
830Stormcoated, I strode in: Sybil, it is
My firm conviction - "Darling, shut the door.
Had a nice trip?" Splendid - but what is more
I have returned convinced that I can grope
My way to some - to some - "Yes, dear?" Faint hope. (ll. 816-834)
Ivory unicorns bring to mind edinorog, emblema sovershenstva (the unicorn, an emblem of perfection) metioned by Balmont in his poem Velikoe nichto ("The Great Nothing," 1903):
Дракон, владыка солнца и весны,
Единорог, эмблема совершенства,
И феникс, образ царственной жены,
Слиянье власти, блеска, и блаженства. (5-8)
Sybil Shade (the poet’s wife whom Kinbote calls “Sybil Swallow”) and Queen Disa seem to be one and the same person whose “real” name is Sofia Botkin, born Lastochkin. Sofia (1921) is a poem by Balmont:
Звук София — лозунг мудрый,
Оттого в воздушных косах
Ты среди черноволосых
Лик являешь златокудрый.
Ты ещё совсем загадка,
И, среди сестёр одна,
Ты как тихая лампадка,
В час когда поёт весна.
Lastochki (“The Swallows,” 1894) is a sonnet by Balmont:
Земля покрыта тьмой. Окончен день забот.
Я в царстве чистых дум, живых очарований.
На башне вдалеке протяжно полночь бьёт,
Час тайных встреч, любви, блаженства, и рыданий.
Невольная в душе тоска растёт, растёт.
Встаёт передо мной толпа воспоминаний,
То вдруг отпрянет прочь, то вдруг опять прильнёт
К груди, исполненной несбыточных желаний.
Так в знойный летний день, над гладью вод речных
Порою ласточка игриво пронесётся,
За ней вослед толпа сестёр её живых,
Весёлых спутниц рой как будто бы смеётся,
Щебечут громко все, — и каждая из них
Лазури вод на миг крылом своим коснётся.
On the other hand, Lastochki (1884) is a poem by Afanasiy Fet. In 1857, in Paris, Fet married Maria Botkin. In a letter of Jan. 4, 1858, to Vasiliy Botkin (Maria’s brother) Leo Tolstoy praises Fet’s wife:
В Петербурге я не был и не хочется, Григорович был здесь. Написал недурную повесть и сбирается на днях в Рим. Милый Фет был болен и теперь ещё не совсем поправился. Какой он капризный и злой, когда болен, и какая славная женщина ваша сестра М[ария] П[етровна].
In 1862 Leo Tolstoy (the author of Lucerne, 1857) married Sofia Behrs. In Moi vospominaniya (“My Reminiscences,” 1890) Fet speaks of the three Tolstoy brothers and mentions their likeness to Timon of Athens:
...я убеждён, что основной тип всех трёх братьев Толстых тождествен, как тождествен тип кленовых листьев, невзирая на всё разнообразие их очертаний. И если бы я задался развить эту мысль, то показал бы, в какой степени у всех трёх братьев присуще то страстное увлечение, без которого в одном из них не мог бы проявиться поэт Л. Толстой. Разница их отношений к жизни состоит в том, с чем каждый из них уходил от неудавшейся мечты. Николай охлаждал свои порывы скептической насмешкой, Лев отходил от несбывшейся мечты с безмолвным укором, а Сергей - с болезненной мизантропией. Чем больше у подобных характеров первоначальной любви, тем сильнее хотя на время сходство с Тимоном Афинским.
According to Fet, the basic type of all three brothers Tolstoy is identical, just as the type of maple leaves, despite all variety of their outlines, is identical.
Phrynia and Timandra (cf. “prickly-chinned Phrynia, pretty Timandra with that boom under her apron” mentioned by Kinbote) are a pair of courtesans in Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens (Timon wants them to infect as many dudes as possible with sexually transmitted diseases). Shade borrowed the title of his poem from Timon of Athens.