In his foreword to Shade's poem Kinbote (in VN's novel Pale Fire, 1962, Shade’s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla) describes the poet's physical appearance and mentions the forces of perfection which purifed and chiseled his verse:
Oh, there were many such incidents. In a skit performed by a group of drama students I was pictured as a pompous woman hater with a German accent, constantly quoting Housman and nibbling raw carrots; and a week before Shade's death, a certain ferocious lady at whose club I had refused to speak on the subject of "The Hally Valley" (as she put it, confusing Odin's Hall with the title of a Finnish epic), said to me in the middle of a grocery store, "You are a remarkably disagreeable person. I fail to see how John and Sybil can stand you," and, exasperated by my polite smile, she added: "What's more, you are insane." But let me not pursue the tabulation of nonsense. Whatever was thought, whatever was said, I had my full reward in John's friendship. This friendship was the more precious for its tenderness being intentionally concealed, especially when we were not alone, by that gruffness which stems from what can be termed the dignity of the heart. His whole being constituted a mask. John Shade's physical appearance was so little in keeping with the harmonies hiving in the man, that one felt inclined to dismiss it as a coarse disguise or passing fashion; for if the fashions of the Romantic Age subtilized a poet's manliness by baring his attractive neck, pruning his profile and reflecting a mountain lake in his oval gaze, present-day bards, owing perhaps to better opportunities of aging, look like gorillas or vultures. My sublime neighbor's face had something about it that might have appealed to the eye, had it been only leonine or only Iroquoian; but unfortunately, by combining the two it merely reminded one of a fleshy Hogarthian tippler of indeterminate sex. His misshapen body, that gray mop of abundant hair, the yellow nails of his pudgy fingers, the bags under his lusterless eyes, were only intelligible if regarded as the waste products eliminated from his intrinsic self by the same forces of perfection which purifed and chiseled his verse. He was his own cancellation.
In his autobiographical book Terre des Hommes (translated into English as Wind, Sand and Stars, 1939), Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (a French writer and aviator, 1900-1944) says "Il semble que la perfection soit atteinte non quand il n'y a plus rien à ajouter, mais quand il n'y a plus rien à retrancher (Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away):"
Notre maison se fera sans doute, peu à peu, plus humaine. La machine elle-même, plus elle se perfectionne, plus elle s’efface derrière son rôle. Il semble que tout l’effort industriel de l’homme, tous ses calculs, toutes ses nuits de veille sur les épures, n’aboutissent, comme signes visibles, qu’à la seule simplicité, comme s’il fallait l’expérience de plusieurs générations pour dégager peu à peu la courbe d’une colonne, d’une carène, ou d’un fuselage d’avion, jusqu’à leur rendre la pureté élémentaire de la courbe d’un sein ou d’une épaule. Il semble que le travail des ingénieurs, des dessinateurs, des calculateurs du bureau d’études ne soit ainsi en apparence, que de polir et d’effacer, d’alléger ce raccord, d’équilibrer cette aile, jusqu’à ce qu’on ne la remarque plus, jusqu’à ce qu’il n’y ait plus une aile accrochée à un fuselage, mais une forme parfaitement épanouie, enfin dégagée de sa gangue, une sorte d’ensemble spontané, mystérieusement lié, et de la même qualité que celle du poème. Il semble que la perfection soit atteinte non quand il n’y a plus rien à ajouter, mais quand il n’y a plus rien à retrancher. Au terme de son évolution, la machine se dissimule.
La perfection de l’invention confine ainsi à l’absence d’invention. Et, de même que, dans l’instrument, toute mécanique apparente s’est peu à peu effacée, et qu’il nous est livré un objet aussi naturel qu’un galet poli par la mer, il est également admirable que, dans son usage même, la machine peu à peu se fasse oublier.
And now, having spoken of the men born of the pilot's craft, I shall say something about the tool with which they work - the airplane. Have you looked at a modern airplane? Have you followed from year to year the evolution of its lines? Have you ever thought, not only about the airplane but about whatever man builds, that all of man's industrial efforts, all his computations and calculations, all the nights spent over working draughts and blueprints, invariably culminate in the production of a thing whose sole and guiding principle is the ultimate principle of simplicity?
It is as if there were a natural law which ordained that to achieve this end, to refine the curve of a piece of furniture, or a ship's keel, or the fuselage of an airplane, until gradually it partakes of the elementary purity of the curve of a human breast or shoulder, there must be the experimentation of several generations of craftsmen. In anything at all, perfection is finally attained not when there is no longer anything to add, but when there is no longer anything to take away, when a body has been stripped down to its nakedness.
It results from this that perfection of invention touches hands with absence of invention, as if that line which the human eye will follow with effortless delight were a line that had not been invented but simply discovered, had in the beginning been hidden by nature and in the end been found by the engineer. There is an ancient myth about the image asleep in the block of marble until it is carefully disengaged by the sculptor. The sculptor must himself feel that he is not so much inventing or shaping the curve of breast or shoulder as delivering the image from its prison. (Chapter III. L'Avion)
In his commentary to Shade’s poem Kinbote mentions the society sculptor and poet Arnor:
Our Prince was fond of Fleur as of a sister but with no soft shadow of incest or secondary homosexual complications. She had a small pale face with prominent cheekbones, luminous eyes, and curly dark hair. It was rumored that after going about with a porcelain cup and Cinderella's slipper for months, the society sculptor and poet Arnor had found in her what he sought and had used her breasts and feet for his Lilith Calling Back Adam; but I am certainly no expert in these tender matters. Otar, her lover, said that when you walked behind her, and she knew you were walking behind her, the swing and play of those slim haunches was something intensely artistic, something Arab girls were taught in special schools by special Parisian panders who were afterwards strangled. Her fragile ankles, he said, which she placed very close together in her dainty and wavy walk, were the "careful jewels" in Arnor's poem about a miragarl ("mirage girl"), for which "a dream king in the sandy wastes of time would give three hundred camels and three fountains."
On ságaren werém tremkín tri stána
Verbálala wod gév ut trí phantána
(I have marked the stress accents).
The Prince did not heed this rather kitschy prattle (all, probably, directed by her mother) and, let it be repeated, regarded her merely as a sibling, fragrant and fashionable, with a painted pout and a maussade, blurry, Gallic way of expressing the little she wished to express. Her unruffled rudeness toward the nervous and garrulous Countess amused him. He liked dancing with her - and only with her. He hardly squirmed at all when she stroked his hand or applied herself soundlessly with open lips to his cheek which the haggard after-the-ball dawn had already sooted. She did not seem to mind when he abandoned her for manlier pleasures; and she met him again in the dark of a car or in the half-glow of a cabaret with the subdued and ambiguous smile of a kissing cousin. (note to Line 80)
The society sculptor and poet Arnor brings to mind Nora Gal (born Eleonora Galperin, 1912-1991), the author of the first Russian translation (Malen'kiy prints, 1959) of Saint-Exupéry's fairy tale Le Petit Prince ("The Little Prince," 1943). Arnor's poem about a miragarl ("mirage girl") makes one think of Guillaume Apollinaire's famous poem Le Pont Mirabeau ("The Mirabeau Bridge," 1912) included in his collection Alcools ("Alcohols," 1913). Saint-Exupéry's book Terre des Hommes is dedicated to Henri Guillaumet (a French aviator, 1902-1940). Tri stana verbalala (three hundred camels) in Arnor's poem about a miragarl remind one of Apollinaire's poem Le Dromadaire ("The Dromedary"), featured as part of his 1911 avant-garde collection Le Bestiaire, ou Cortège d'Orphée:
Avec ses quatre dromadaires
Don Pedro d'Alfaroubeira
Courut le monde et l'admira.
Il fit ce que je voudrais faire
Si j'avais quatre dromadaires.
With his four dromedaries,
Don Pedro of Alfaroubeira
Roamed the world and admired it.
He did what I would like to do
If I had four dromedaries.
Die Sonette an Orpheus ("The Sonnets to Orpheus," 1922) are a cycle of 55 sonnets by Reiner Maria Rilke (an Austrian poet, 1875-1926). Rilke wrote the cycle in a period of three weeks experiencing what he described a "savage creative storm." According to Kinbote, it took Shade twenty days to write Pale Fire:
Pale Fire, a poem in heroic couplets, of nine hundred ninety-nine lines, divided into four cantos, was composed by John Francis Shade (born July 5, 1898, died July 21, 1959) during the last twenty days of his life, at his residence in New Wye, Appalachia, U.S.A. The manuscript, mostly a Fair Copy, from which the present text has been faithfully printed, consists of eighty medium-sized index cards, on each of which Shade reserved the pink upper line for headings (canto number, date) and used the fourteen light-blue lines for writing out with a fine nib in a minute, tidy, remarkably clear hand, the text of his poem, skipping a line to indicate double space, and always using a fresh card to begin a new canto. (Foreword)
Shade’s poem is almost finished when the author is killed by Gradus. Kinbote believes that, to be completed, Shade’s poem needs but one line (Line 1000, identical to Line 1: “I was the shadow of the waxwing slain”). But it seems that, like some sonnets, Shade's poem also needs a coda (Line 1001: “By its own double in the windowpane”).