According to Humbert Humbert (the narrator and main character in VN’s novel Lolita, 1955), there would be little sense in analyzing the three empty years that followed Lolita's abduction from the Elphinstone hospital:”
This book is about Lolita; and now that I have reached the part which (had I not been forestalled by another internal combustion martyr) might be called “Dolorés Disparue,” there would be little sense in analyzing the three empty years that followed. While a few pertinent points have to be marked, the general impression I desire to convey is of a side door crashing open in life’s full flight, and a rush of roaring black time drowning with its whipping wind the cry of lone disaster. (2.25)
Tri pustykh goda, as in the Russian Lolita (1967) VN renders "the three empty years," bring to mind Chekhov's story Pustoy sluchay ("A Trivial Incident," 1886) and his novella Tri goda ("Three Years," 1895). "Another internal combustion martyr" (as Humbert calls Marcel, the narrator and main character in Proust's novel Albertine disparue, 1925) reminds one of Sorok muchenikov (Forty Martyrs), a character in Chekhov's story Strakh ("Terror," 1892):
Как-то раз в одно из июльских воскресений я и Дмитрий Петрович, от нечего делать, поехали в большое село Клушино, чтобы купить там к ужину закусок. Пока мы ходили по лавкам, зашло солнце и наступил вечер, тот вечер, которого я, вероятно, не забуду никогда в жизни. Купивши сыру, похожего на мыло, и окаменелой колбасы, от которой пахло дегтем, мы отправились в трактир спросить, нет ли пива. Наш кучер уехал в кузницу подковывать лошадей, и мы сказали ему, что будем ждать его около церкви. Мы ходили, говорили, смеялись над своими покупками, а за нами молча и с таинственным видом, точно сыщик, следовал человек, имевший у нас в уезде довольно странное прозвище: Сорок Мучеников. Этот Сорок Мучеников был не кто иной, как Гаврила Северов, или попросту Гаврюшка, служивший у меня недолго лакеем и уволенный мною за пьянство. Он служил и у Дмитрия Петровича, и им тоже был уволен всё за тот же грех. Это был лютый пьяница, да и вообще вся его судьба была пьяною и такою же беспутною, как он сам. Отец у него был священник, а мать дворянка, значит, по рождению принадлежал он к сословию привилегированному, но как я ни всматривался в его испитое, почтительное, всегда потное лицо, в его рыжую, уже седеющую бороду, в жалкенький рваный пиджак и красную рубаху навыпуск, я никак не мог найти даже следа того, что у нас в общежитии зовется привилегиями. Он называл себя образованным и рассказывал, что учился в духовном училище, где курса не кончил, так как его уволили за курение табаку; затем пел в архиерейском хоре и года два жил в монастыре, откуда его тоже уволили, но уж не за курение, а за «слабость». Он исходил пешком две губернии, подавал зачем-то прошения в консистории и в разные присутственные места, четыре раза был под судом. Наконец, застрявши у нас в уезде, он служил в лакеях, лесниках, псарях, церковных сторожах, женился на гулящей вдове-кухарке и окончательно погряз в холуйскую жизнь и так сжился с ее грязью и дрязгами, что уже сам говорил о своем привилегированном происхождении с некоторым недоверием, как о каком-то мифе. В описываемое время он шатался без места, выдавая себя за коновала и охотника, а жена его пропадала где-то без вести.
It somehow happened one July Sunday that Dmitri Petrovich and I, having nothing to do, drove to the big village of Klushino to buy things for supper. While we were going from one shop to another the sun set and the evening came on—the evening which I shall probably never forget in my life. After buying cheese that smelt like soap, and petrified sausages that smelt of tar, we went to the tavern to ask whether they had any beer. Our coachman went off to the blacksmith to get our horses shod, and we told him we would wait for him near the church. We walked, talked, laughed over our purchases, while a man who was known in the district by a very strange nickname, Forty Martyrs, followed us all the while in silence with a mysterious air like a detective. This Forty Martyrs was no other than Gavril Severov, or more simply Gavryushka, who had been for a short time in my service as a footman and had been dismissed by me for drunkenness. He had been in Dmitri Petrovich’s service, too, and by him had been dismissed for the same vice. He was an inveterate drunkard, and indeed his whole life was as drunk and disorderly as himself. His father had been a priest and his mother of noble rank, so by birth he belonged to the privileged class; but however carefully I scrutinized his exhausted, respectful, and always perspiring face, his red beard now turning grey, his pitifully torn reefer jacket and his red shirt, I could not discover in him the faintest trace of anything we associate with privilege. He spoke of himself as a man of education, and used to say that he had been in a clerical school, but had not finished his studies there, as he had been expelled for smoking; then he had sung in the bishop’s choir and lived for two years in a monastery, from which he was also expelled, but this time not for smoking but for “his weakness.” He had walked all over two provinces, had presented petitions to the Consistory, and to various government offices, and had been four times on his trial. At last, being stranded in our district, he had served as a footman, as a forester, as a kennelman, as a sexton, had married a cook who was a widow and rather a loose character, and had so hopelessly sunk into a menial position, and had grown so used to filth and dirt, that he even spoke of his privileged origin with a certain scepticism, as of some myth. At the time I am describing, he was hanging about without a job, calling himself a horse-doctor and a huntsman, and his wife had disappeared and made no sign.
A Russian writer, Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) was a doctor. A character in Chekhov's story Terror, Forty Martyrs brings to mind forty such cases on the hands of Dr. Blue (the chief physician in the Elphinstone hospital):
Mrs. Hays, the brisk, briskly rouged, blue-eyed widow who ran the motor court, asked me if I were Swiss perchance, because her sister had married a Swiss ski instructor. I was, whereas my daughter happened to be half Irish. I registered, Hays gave me the key and a tinkling smile, and, still twinkling, showed me where to park the car; Lo crawled out and shivered a little: the luminous evening air was decidedly crisp. Upon entering the cabin, she sat down on a chair at a card table, buried her face in the crook of her arm and said she felt awful. Shamming, I thought, shamming, no doubt, to evade my caresses; I was passionately parched; but she began to whimper in an unusually dreary way when I attempted to fondle her. Lolita ill. Lolita dying. Her skin was scalding hot! I took her temperature, orally, then looked up a scribbled formula I fortunately had in a jotter and after laboriously reducing the, meaningless to me, degrees Fahrenheit to the intimate centigrade of my childhood, found she had 40.4, which at least made sense. Hysterical little nymphs might, I knew, run up all kinds of temperatureeven exceeding a fatal count. And I would have given her a sip of hot spiced wine, and two aspirins, and kissed the fever away, if, upon an examination of her lovely uvula, one of the gems of her body, I had not seen that it was a burning red. I undressed her. Her breath was bittersweet. Her brown rose tasted of blood. She was shaking from head to toe. She complained of a painful stiffness in the upper vertebraeand I thought of poliomyelitis as any American parent would. Giving up all hope of intercourse, I wrapped her in a laprobe and carried her into the car. Kind Mrs. Hays in the meantime had alerted the local doctor. “You are lucky it happened here,” she said; for not only was Blue the best man in the district, but the Elphinstone hospital was as modern as modern could be, despite its limited capacity. With a heterosexual Erlkönig in pursuit, thither I drove, half-blinded by a royal sunset on the lowland side and guided by a little old woman, a portable witch, perhaps his daughter, whom Mrs. Hays had lent me, and whom I was never to see again. Dr. Blue, whose learning, no doubt, was infinitely inferior to his reputation, assured me it was a virus infection, and when I alluded to her comparatively recent flu, curtly said this was another bug, he had forty such cases on his hands; all of which sounded like the “ague” of the ancients. I wondered if I should mention, with a casual chuckle, that my fifteen-year-old daughter had had a minor accident while climbing an awkward fence with her boy friend, but knowing I was drunk, I decided to withhold the information till later if necessary. To an unsmiling blond bitch of a secretary I gave my daughter’s age as “practically sixteen.” While I was not looking, my child was taken away from me! In vain I insisted I be allowed to spend the night on a “welcome” mat in a corner of their damned hospital. I ran up constructivistic flights of stairs, I tried to trace my darling so as to tell her she had better not babble, especially if she felt as lightheaded as we all did. At one point, I was rather dreadfully rude to a very young and very cheeky nurse with overdeveloped gluteal parts and blazing black eyesof Basque descent, as I learned. Her father was an imported shepherd, a trainer of sheep dogs. Finally, I returned to the car and remained in it for I do not know how many hours, hunched up in the dark, stunned by my new solitude, looking out open-mouthed now at the dimly illumined, very square and low hospital building squatting in the middle of its lawny block, now up at the wash of stars and the jagged silvery ramparts of the haute montagne where at the moment Mary’s father, lonely Joseph Lore was dreaming of Oloron, Lagore, Rolas - que sais-je! - or seducing a ewe. Such-like fragrant vagabond thoughts have been always a solace to me in times of unusual stress, and only when, despite liberal libations, I felt fairly numbed by the endless night, did I think of driving back to the motel. The old woman had disappeared, and I was not quite sure of my way. Wide gravel roads criss-crossed drowsy rectangual shadows. I made out what looked like the silhouette of gallows on what was probably a school playground; and in another wastelike black there rose in domed silence the pale temple of some local sect. I found the highway at last, and then the motel, where millions of so-called “millers,” a kind of insect, were swarming around the neon contours of “No Vacancy”; and, when, at 3 a. m., after one of those untimely hot showers which like some mordant only help to fix a man’s despair and weariness, I lay on her bed that smelled of chestnuts and roses, and peppermint, and the very delicate, very special French perfume I latterly allowed her to use, I found myself unable to assimilate the simple fact that for the first time in two years I was separated from my Lolita. All at once it occurred to me that her illness was somehow the development of a theme - that it had the same taste and tone as the series of linked impressions which had puzzled and tormented me during our journey; I imagined that secret agent, or secret lover, or prankster, or hallucination, or whatever he was, prowling around the hospital - and Aurora had hardly “warmed her hands,” as the pickers of lavender way in the country of my birth, when I found myself trying to get into that dungeon again, knocking upon its green doors, breakfastless, stoolless, in despair. (2.22)
Chekhov's Strakh ("Terror") tells the story of a man who is afraid of living. It brings to mind VN's story Uzhas ("Terror," 1927) whose hero feels alienation from reality and who is saved from madness by the news of his beloved's death. The hero's beloved was his mistress for nearly three years. On the eve of the hero's departure the couple goes to the opera:
Прожили мы вместе около трех лет. Я знаю, что многие не могли понять нашу связь. Недоумевали, чем могла привлечь и удержать меня эта простенькая женщина, но, Боже мой, как я любил ее неприметную миловидность, веселость, ласковость, птичье трепыхание ее души... Ведь дело в том, что как раз ее тихая простота меня охраняла: все в мире было ей по-житейски ясно, и мне даже иногда казалось, что она совершенно точно знает, что ждет нас после смерти,-- и мы о смерти никогда не говорили. В конце третьего года я опять принужден был уехать на довольно долгий срок. Накануне моего отъезда мы почему-то пошли в оперу. Когда, сидя на малиновом диванчике в темноватой, таинственной аванложе, она снимала огромные, серые ботики, вытаскивала из них тонкие, шелковые ноги, я подумал о тех очень легких бабочках, которые вылупляются из громоздких, мохнатых коконов. И было весело, когда мы с ней нагибались над розовой бездной залы и ждали, чтоб поднялся плотный, выцветший занавес в бледных, золотистых изображениях различных оперных сцен. И голым локтем она чуть не скинула вниз с барьера свой маленький перламутровый бинокль.
She was my mistress for nearly three years. I know that many people could not understand our relationship. They were at a loss to explain what there was in that naive little maiden to attract and hold a poet’s affection, but good God! how I loved her unassuming prettiness, gaiety, friendliness, the birdlike flutterings of her soul. It was exactly that gentle simplicity of hers that protected me: to her, everything in the world had a kind of everyday clarity, and it would even seem to me that she knew what awaited us after death, so that there was no reason for us to discuss that topic. At the end of our third year together I again was obliged to go away, for a rather long time. On the eve of my departure we went to the opera. She sat down for a moment on the crimson little sofa in the darkish, rather mysterious vestibule of our loge to take off her huge gray snowboots, from which I helped her to extricate her slender silk-clad legs—and I thought of those delicate moths that hatch from bulky shaggy cocoons. We moved to the front of our box. We were gay as we bent over the rosy abyss of the house while waiting for the raising of the curtain, a solid old screen with pale-gold decorations depicting scenes from various operas—Ruslan in his pointed helmet, Lenski in his carrick. With her bare elbow she almost knocked down from the plush parapet her little nacreous opera glass.
In his poem "Wanted" composed in a madhouse near Quebec after Lolita's abduction from (or, rather, death in) the Elphinstone hospital Humbert mentions a cold air of the opera that laid her up last evening:
Wanted, wanted: Dolores Haze.
Hair: brown. Lips: scarlet.
Age: five thousand three hundred days.
Profession: none, or "starlet".
Where are you hiding, Dolores Haze?
Why are you hiding, darling?
(I Talk in a daze, I walk in a maze
I cannot get out, said the starling).
Where are you riding, Dolores Haze?
What make is the magic carpet?
Is a Cream Cougar the present craze?
And where are you parked, my car pet?
Who is your hero, Dolores Haze?
Still one of those blue-capped star-men?
Oh the balmy days and the palmy bays,
And the cars, and the bars, my Carmen!
Oh Dolores, that juke-box hurts!
Are you still dancin', darlin'?
(Both in worn levis, both in torn T-shirts,
And I, in my corner, snarlin').
Happy, happy is gnarled McFate
Touring the States with a child wife,
Plowing his Molly in every State
Among the protected wild life.
My Dolly, my folly! Her eyes were vair,
And never closed when I kissed her.
Know an old perfume called Soliel Vert?
Are you from Paris, mister?
L'autre soir un air froid d'opéra m'alita;
Son félé -- bien fol est qui s'y fie!
Il neige, le décor s'écroule, Lolita!
Lolita, qu'ai-je fait de ta vie?
Dying, dying, Lolita Haze,
Of hate and remorse, I'm dying.
And again my hairy fist I raise,
And again I hear you crying.
Officer, officer, there they go--
In the rain, where that lighted store is!
And her socks are white, and I love her so,
And her name is Haze, Dolores.
Officer, officer, there they are--
Dolores Haze and her lover!
Whip out your gun and follow that car.
Now tumble out and take cover.
Wanted, wanted: Dolores Haze.
Her dream-gray gaze never flinches.
Ninety pounds is all she weighs
With a height of sixty inches.
My car is limping, Dolores Haze,
And the last long lap is the hardest,
And I shall be dumped where the weed decays,
And the rest is rust and stardust. (2.25)
A vsyo prochee - rzha i roy zvyozdnyi (And the rest is rust and stardust), the poem's last line in the Russian Lolita, brings to mind Tlya est travu, rzha - zhelezo, a lzha - dushu! (Aphids consume grass, rust consumes iron, and lying the soul!), in Chekhov's story Moya zhizn' ("My Life," 1896) the words of Red'ka (Radish):
Окраска крыш, особенно с нашею олифой и краской, считалась очень выгодным делом, и потому этою грубой, скучной работою не брезговали даже такие хорошие мастера, как Редька. В коротких брючках, с тощими лиловыми ногами, он ходил по крыше, похожий на аиста, и я слышал, как, работая кистью, он тяжело вздыхал и говорил:— Горе, горе нам, грешным!
По крыше он ходил так же свободно, как по полу. Несмотря на то, что он был болен и бледен, как мертвец, прыткость у него была необыкновенная; он так же, как молодые, красил купол и главы церкви без подмостков, только при помощи лестниц, и веревки, и было немножко страшно, когда он тут, стоя на высоте, далеко от земли, выпрямлялся во весь свой рост и изрекал неизвестно для кого:
— Тля ест траву, ржа — железо, а лжа — душу!
Painting roofs, especially with our own oil and colours, was regarded as a particularly profitable job, and so this rough, dull work was not disdained, even by such good workmen as Radish. In short breeches, and wasted, purple-looking legs, he used to go about the roofs, looking like a stork, and I used to hear him, as he plied his brush, breathing heavily and saying: "Woe, woe to us sinners!"
He walked about the roofs as freely as though he were upon the ground. In spite of his being ill and pale as a corpse, his agility was extraordinary: he used to paint the domes and cupolas of the churches without scaffolding, like a young man, with only the help of a ladder and a rope, and it was rather horrible when standing on a height far from the earth; he would draw himself up erect, and for some unknown reason pronounce:
"Aphids consume grass, rust consumes iron, and lying the soul!" (Chapter 5)
At the end of VN's story Terror the narrator mentions his double:
И пока я ехал к ней, и пока сидел у ее кровати, мне и в голову не приходило рассуждать о том, что такое жизнь, что такое смерть, ужасаться жизни и смерти. Женщина, которую я любил больше всего на свете, умирала. Я видел и чувствовал только это.
Она меня не узнала, когда я толкнулся коленом о край постели, на которой она лежала, под огромными одеялами, на огромных подушках,-- сама маленькая, с волосами, откинутыми со лба, отчего стал заметен по окату виска тонкий шрам, который она всегда скрывала под низкой волной прически. Она меня не узнала, но я чувствовал по улыбке, раза два легко приподнявшей уголок ее губ, что она в своем тихом бреду, в предсмертном воображении видит меня, так что перед нею стояли двое,-- я сам, которого она не видела, и двойник мой, который был невидим мне. И потом я остался один,-- мой двойник умер вместе с нею.
Ее смерть спасла меня от безумия. Простое человеческое горе так наполнило мою жизнь, что для других чувств места больше не было. Но время идет, ее образ становится в моей душе все совершеннее и все безжизненнее,-- и мелочи прошлого, живые, маленькие воспоминания незаметно для меня потухают, как потухают, один за другим, иногда по два, по три сразу, то здесь, то там, огоньки в окнах засыпающего дома. И я знаю, что обречен, что пережитый однажды ужас, беспомощная боязнь существования когда-нибудь снова охватит меня, и тогда мне спасения не будет.
While I traveled back, while I sat at her bedside, it never occurred to me to analyze the meaning of being and nonbeing, and no longer was I terrified by those thoughts. The woman I loved more than anything on earth was dying. This was all I saw or felt.
She did not recognize me when my knee thudded against the side of her bed. She lay, propped up on huge pillows, under huge blankets, herself so small, with hair brushed back from the forehead revealing the narrow scar on her temple ordinarily concealed by a strand brushed low over it. She did not recognize my living presence, but by the slight smile that raised once or twice the corners of her lips, I knew that she saw me in her quiet delirium, in her dying fancy—so that there were two of me standing before her: I myself, whom she did not see, and my double, who was invisible to me. And then I remained alone: my double died with her.
Her death saved me from insanity. Plain human grief filled my life so completely that there was no room left for any other emotion. But time flows, and her image within me becomes ever more perfect, ever more lifeless. The details of the past, the live little memories, fade imperceptibly, go out one by one, or in twos and threes, the way lights go out, now here now there, in the windows of a house where people are falling asleep. And I know that my brain is doomed, that the terror I experienced once, the helpless fear of existing, will sometime overtake me again, and that then there will be no salvation.
A playwright and pornographer whom Humbert murders for abducting Lolita from the Elphinstone hospital, Clare Quilty is Humbert's double. According to John Ray, Jr. (the author of the Foreword to Humbert's manuscript), Mrs. “Richard F. Schiller” (Lolita's married name) outlived Humbert by forty days and died in childbed, giving birth to a stillborn girl, on Christmas Day 1952, in Gray Star, a settlement in the remotest Northwest:
For the benefit of old-fashioned readers who wish to follow the destinies of the “real” people beyond the “true” story, a few details may be given as received from Mr. “Windmuller,” or “Ramsdale,” who desires his identity suppressed so that “the long shadow of this sorry and sordid business” should not reach the community to which he is proud to belong. His daughter, “Louise,” is by now a college sophomore, “Mona Dahl” is a student in Paris. “Rita” has recently married the proprietor of a hotel in Florida. Mrs. “Richard F. Schiller” died in childbed, giving birth to a stillborn girl, on Christmas Day 1952, in Gray Star, a settlement in the remotest Northwest. “Vivian Darkbloom” has written a biography, “My Cue,” to be publshed shortly, and critics who have perused the manuscript call it her best book. The caretakers of the various cemeteries involved report that no ghosts walk.
But it seems that, actually, Lolita dies of ague on July 4, 1949, in the Elphinstone hospital. Everything what happens after her sudden death (Lolita's escape from the hospital, Humbert's affair with Rita, Lolita's marriage and pregnancy, and the murder of Clare Quilty) was invented by Humbert Humbert (whose "real" name is John Ray, Jr.).