Vladimir Nabokov

wolves & sheep in Lolita

By Alexey Sklyarenko , 2 February, 2026

According to John Ray, Jr. (in VN's novel Lolita, 1955, the author of the Foreword to Humbert's manuscript), Humbert Humbert had died in legal captivity, of coronary thrombosis, on November 16, 1952, a few days before his trial was scheduled to start:

 

“Lolita, or the Confession of a White Widowed Male,” such were the two titles under which the writer of the present note received the strange pages it preambulates. “Humbert Humbert,” their author, had died in legal captivity, of coronary thrombosis, on November 16, 1952, a few days before his trial was scheduled to start. His lawyer, my good friend and relation, Clarence Choate Clark, Esq., now of he District of Columbia bar, in asking me to edit the manuscript, based his request on a clause in his client’s will which empowered my eminent cousin to use the discretion in all matters pertaining to the preparation of “Lolita” for print. Mr. Clark’s decision may have been influenced by the fact that the editor of his choice had just been awarded the Poling Prize for a modest work (“Do the Senses make Sense?”) wherein certain morbid states and perversions had been discussed.

 

Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on 16 November 1581 is a painting by Ilya Repin (a Russian realist painter, 1844-1930) made between 1883 and 1885. The tsar's Russian surname, Groznyi (Terrible), brings to mind Alexander Ostrovski's play Groza ("The Thunderstorm," 1859). In his article on Ostrovski's play, Luch sveta v tyomnom tsarstve ("A Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom," 1860), Nikolay Dobrolyubov (a radical critic, 1836-1861) compares Katerina (the main character in Ostrovski's play) to a ray of light in the dark kingdom. Ostrovski's Katerina makes one think of "Mr. Katerinovich" (Konstantin Merezhkovski's non-existent solicitor). In 1905 Konstantin Merezhkovski (1855-1921), professor of botany and zoology at the University of Kazan and author of Ray zemnoy ili Son v zimnyuyu noch' ("The Earthly Paradise, or a Midwinter Night's Dream," 1903), an utopian novel set in the 27th century on a Polynesian island, bought a six-year-old girl, Kaleria Korshunov, from her mother (who lived in extreme poverty in St. Petersburg and was completely unaware of the professor's dangerous perversion) and kept her as his mistress until he was exposed and accused of paedophilia in February 1914. When he was oficially named Kaleria's guardian, Merezhkovski, in a heavy make-up, impersonated his own lawyer, Mr. Katerinovich.

 

Ostrovski's play Volki i ovtsy ("Wolves and Sheep," 1875) brings to mind Ivan Krylov's 1833 fable of the same title, the Italian-born English poet Humbert Wolfe (who died on his fifty-fifth birthday, January 5, 1940), and ovtsa (a ewe) mentioned by Gumbert Gumbert in the Russian Lolita (1967):

 

Наконец я возвратился к запаркованному автомобилю и не знаю, сколько часов просидел в нем, скорчившись в темноте, оглушенный непривычным одиночеством, глядя с разинутым ртом то на тускло освещенный, весьма коробчатый и плоско-кровельный госпиталь, стоявший как бы на карачках посреди своего муравчатого квадрата, то на дымную россыпь звезд и серебристо-зубристые горные высоты, где в эту пору отец Марии, одинокий Жозеф Лор, мечтал о ночлегах в Олороне, Лагоре, Роласе - или совращал овцу. Благоуханные бредни такого рода всегда служили мне утешением в минуты особого душевного напряжения, и только когда я почувствовал, что, невзирая на частое прикладывание к фляжке, дрожу от холода бессонной ночи, решил поехать обратно в мотель. Проводница-ведьма исчезла, а дорогу я плохо знал. Широкие гравийные улицы пересекали так и сяк призрачные прямоугольники. Я смутно различил нечто вроде силуэта виселицы, но это, наверное, был просто гимнастический прибор на школьном дворе; а в другом квартале, похожем на пустошь, вырос передо мной в куполообразной тиши бледный храм какой-то местной секты.

 

Finally, I returned to the car and remained in it for I do not know how many hours, hunched up in the dark, stunned by my new solitude, looking out open-mouthed now at the dimly illumined, very square and low hospital building squatting in the middle of its lawny block, now up at the wash of stars and the jagged silvery ramparts of the haute montagne where at the moment Mary’s father, lonely Joseph Lore was dreaming of Oloron, Lagore, Rolas - que sais-je! - or seducing a ewe. Such-like fragrant vagabond thoughts have been always a solace to me in times of unusual stress, and only when, despite liberal libations, I felt fairly numbed by the endless night, did I think of driving back to the motel. The old woman had disappeared, and I was not quite sure of my way. Wide gravel roads criss-crossed drowsy rectangual shadows. I made out what looked like the silhouette of gallows on what was probably a school playground; and in another wastelike black there rose in domed silence the pale temple of some local sect. (2.22)

 

According to John Ray, Jr., Mrs. “Richard F. Schiller” (Lolita's married name) died in childbed, giving birth to a stillborn girl, on Christmas Day 1952, in Gray Star, a settlement in the remotest Northwest:

 

For the benefit of old-fashioned readers who wish to follow the destinies of “real” people beyond the “true” story, a few details may be given as received from Mr. “Windmuller,” of “Ramsdale,” who desires his identity suppressed so that “the long shadows of this sorry and sordid business” should not reach the community to which he is proud to belong. His daughter, “Louise,” is by now a college sophomore. “Mona Dahl” is a student in Paris. “Rita” has recently married the proprietor of a hotel in Florida. Mrs. “Richard F. Schiller” died in childbed, giving birth to a stillborn girl, on Christmas Day 1952, in Gray Star, a settlement in the remotest Northwest. ‘Vivian Darkbloom’ has written a biography, ‘My Cue,’ to be published shortly, and critics who have perused the manuscript call it her best book. The caretakers of the various cemeteries involved report that no ghosts walk.

 

But it seems that, actually, Lolita dies of ague in the Elphinstone hospital on July 4, 1949, and everything what happens after her sudden death (Lolita's escape from the hospital, Humbert's affair with Rita, Lolita's marriage and pregnancy, and the murder of Clare Quilty) was invented by Humbert Humbert (whose "real" name is John Ray, Jr.). After her death Lolita is made by her creator into a bluebird (as suggested by Gerard de Vries). In Ostrovski's play Groza Katerina asks: "отчего люди не летают так, как птицы? (why don't people fly like birds?)". At the end of the play Katerina commits suicide, jumping from a cliff into the Volga River. According to Humbert, in Elphinstone Lolita yearned to climb Red Rock from which a mature screen star had recently jumped to her death after a drunken row with her gigolo:

 

I remember as a child in Europe gloating over a map of North America that had “Appalachian Mountains” boldly running from Alabama up to New Brunswick, so that the whole region they spanned Tennessee, the Virginias, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, appeared to my imagination as a gigantic Switzerland or even Tibet, all mountain, glorious diamond peak upon peak, giant conifers, le montagnard émigré in his bear skin glory, and Felis tigris goldsmithi, and Red Indians under the catalpas.That it all boiled down to a measly suburban lawn and a smoking garbage incinerator, was appalling. Farewell, Appalachia! Leaving it, we crossed Ohio, the three states beginning with “I,” and Nebraska - ah, that first whiff of the West! We traveled very leisurely, having more than a week to reach Wace, Continental Divide, where she passionately desired to see he Ceremonial Dances marking the seasonal opening of Magic Cave, and at least three weeks to reach Elphinstone, gem of a western State where she yearned to climb Red Rock from which a mature screen star had recently jumped to her death after a drunken row with her gigolo. (2.16)