In Canto Three of his poem John Shade (the poet in VN’s novel Pale Fire, 1962) calls 1958 “a year of Tempests” and mentions Hurricane Lolita that swept from Florida to Maine and Mars (the planet):
It was a year of Tempests: Hurricane
Lolita swept from Florida to Maine.
Mars glowed. Shahs married. Gloomy Russians spied.
Lang made your portrait. And one night I died. (ll. 679-82)
According to Kinbote (Shade’s mad commentator who imagines that he is Charles the Beloved, the last self-exiled king of Zembla), during the reign of Charles the Beloved Mars never marred the record:
That King's reign (1936-1958) will be remembered by at least a few discerning historians as a peaceful and elegant one. Owing to a fluid system of judicious alliances, Mars in his time never marred the record. Internally, until corruption, betrayal, and Extremism penetrated it, the People's Place (parliament) worked in perfect harmony with the Royal Council. Harmony, indeed, was the reign's password. The polite arts and pure sciences flourished. Technicology, applied physics, industrial chemistry and so forth were suffered to thrive. A small skyscraper of ultramarine glass was steadily rising in Onhava. The climate seemed to be improving. Taxation had become a thing of beauty. The poor were getting a little richer, and the rich a little poorer (in accordance with what may be known some day as Kinbote's Law). Medical care was spreading to the confines of the state: less and less often, on his tour of the country, every autumn, when the rowans hung coral-heavy, and the puddles tinkled with Muscovy glass, the friendly and eloquent monarch would be interrupted by a pertussal "backdraucht" in a crowd of schoolchildren. Parachuting had become a popular sport. Everybody, in a word, was content - even the political mischiefmakers who were contentedly making mischief paid by a contented Sosed (Zembla's gigantic neighbor). But let us not pursue this tiresome subject. (note to Line 12)
In his story Venetsianka (“La Veneziana,” 1924) VN compares Mars to a racehorse:
Отличительная черта всего сущего - однообразие. Мы принимаем пищу в определенные часы, потому что планеты, подобно никогда не опаздывающим поездам, отходят и прибывают в определенные сроки, Без такого строго установленного расписания времени средний человек не может себе представить жизнь. Зато игривый и кощунственный ум найдет немало занятного в соображениях о том, как жилось бы людям, если бы день продолжался нынче десять часов, завтра - восемьдесят пять, а послезавтра - несколько минут. Можно сказать а priori, что в Англии такая неизвестность относительно точной продолжительности грядущего дня привела бы прежде всего к необычайному развитию пари и всяких других азартных соглашений. Человек терял бы все свое состояние благодаря тому, что день длился на несколько часов дольше, чем он предполагал накануне. Планеты стали бы подобны скаковым лошадям - и сколько волнений возбуждал бы какой-нибудь гнедой Марс, берущий последний небесный барьер. Астрономы оказались бы в положении букмэкеров, бог Аполлон изображался бы в огненном жокейском картузе - и мир весело сошел бы с ума.
The distinctive feature of everything extant is its monotony. We partake of food at predetermined hours because the planets, like trains that are never late, depart and arrive at predetermined times. The average person cannot imagine life without such a strictly established timetable. But a playful and sacrilegious mind will find much to amuse it imagining how people would exist if the day lasted ten hours today, eighty-five tomorrow, and after tomorrow a few minutes. One can say a priori that, in England, such uncertainty with regard to the exact duration of the coming day would lead first of all to an extraordinary proliferation of betting and sundry other gambling arrangements. One could lose his entire fortune because a day lasted a few more hours than he had supposed on the eve. The planets would become like racehorses, and what excitement would be aroused by some sorrel Mars as it tackled the final celestial hurdle! Astronomers would assume book-makers' functions, the god Apollo would be depicted in a flaming jockey cap, and the world would merrily go mad. (5)
Describing IPH (a lay Institute of Preparation for the Hereafter) in Canto Three of his poem, Shade mentions the college astronomer Starover Blue:
The great Starover Blue reviewed the role
Planets had played as landfalls of the soul. (ll. 627-628)
Russian for “Old Believer,” starover brings to mind the New Believers mentioned by Van Veen (the narrator and main character in VN’s novel Ada, 1969) when he describes the difference between Terra and Antiterra (aka Demonia, Earth’s twin planet on which Ada is set):
Revelation can be more perilous than Revolution. Sick minds identified the notion of a Terra planet with that of another world and this ‘Other World’ got confused not only with the ‘Next World’ but with the Real World in us and beyond us. Our enchanters, our demons, are noble iridescent creatures with translucent talons and mightily beating wings; but in the eighteen-sixties the New Believers urged one to imagine a sphere where our splendid friends had been utterly degraded, had become nothing but vicious monsters, disgusting devils, with the black scrota of carnivora and the fangs of serpents, revilers and tormentors of female souls; while on the opposite side of the cosmic lane a rainbow mist of angelic spirits, inhabitants of sweet Terra, restored all the stalest but still potent myths of old creeds, with rearrangement for melodeon of all the cacophonies of all the divinities and divines ever spawned in the marshes of this our sufficient world.
Sufficient for your purpose, Van, entendons-nous. (Note in the margin.) (1.3)
On Admiral Tobakoff Lucette (Van’s and Ada’s half-sister) mentions a steeplechase picture of ‘Pale Fire with Tom Cox Up’ that hangs above Cordula’s and Tobak’s bed in their Tobakoff suite:
Quite kindly he asked where she thought she was going.
To Ardis, with him — came the prompt reply — for ever and ever. Robinson’s grandfather had died in Araby at the age of one hundred and thirty-one, so Van had still a whole century before him, she would build for him, in the park, several pavilions to house his successive harems, they would gradually turn, one after the other, into homes for aged ladies, and then into mausoleums. There hung, she said, a steeplechase picture of ‘Pale Fire with Tom Cox Up’ above dear Cordula’s and Tobak’s bed, in the suite ‘wangled in one minute flat’ from them, and she wondered how it affected the Tobaks’ love life during sea voyages. (3.5)
In Paris Lucette tells Van that Dick Cheshire sends her racing tips:
She wanted fish, he stuck to cold cuts and salad.
‘You know whom I ran into this morning? Good old Greg Erminin. It was he who told me you were around. His wife est un peu snob, what?’
‘Everybody is un peu snob,’ said Lucette. ‘Your Cordula, who is also around, cannot forgive Shura Tobak, the violinist, for being her husband’s neighbor in the telephone book. Immediately after lunch, we’ll go to my room, a numb twenty-five, my age. I have a fabulous Japanese divan and lots of orchids just supplied by one of my beaux. Ach, Bozhe moy — it has just occurred to me — I shall have to look into this — maybe they are meant for Brigitte, who is marrying after tomorrow, at three-thirty, a head waiter at the Alphonse Trois, in Auteuil. Anyway they are greenish, with orange and purple blotches, some kind of delicate Oncidium, "cypress frogs," one of those silly commercial names. I’ll stretch out upon the divan like a martyr, remember?’
‘Are you still half-a-martyr — I mean half-a-virgin?’ inquired Van.
‘A quarter,’ answered Lucette. ‘Oh, try me, Van! My divan is black with yellow cushions.’
‘You can sit for a minute in my lap.’
‘No — unless we undress and you ganch me.’
‘My dear, as I’ve often reminded you, you belong to a princely family but you talk like the loosest Lucinda imaginable. Is it a fad in your set, Lucette?’
‘I have no set, I’m a loner. Once in a while, I go out with two diplomats, a Greek and an Englishman, who are allowed to paw me and play with each other. A corny society painter is working on my portrait and he and his wife caress me when I’m in the mood. Your friend Dick Cheshire sends me presents and racing tips. It’s a dull life, Van.
‘I enjoy — oh, loads of things,’ she continued in a melancholy, musing tone of voice, as she poked with a fork at her blue trout which, to judge by its contorted shape and bulging eyes, had boiled alive, convulsed by awful agonies. ‘I love Flemish and Dutch oils, flowers, food, Flaubert, Shakespeare, shopping, sheeing, swimming, the kisses of beauties and beasts — but somehow all of it, this sauce and all the riches of Holland, form only a kind of tonen’kiy-tonen’kiy (thin little) layer, under which there is absolutely nothing, except, of course, your image, and that only adds depth and a trout’s agonies to the emptiness. I’m like Dolores — when she says she’s "only a picture painted on air."’
‘Never could finish that novel — much too pretentious.’
‘Pretentious but true. It’s exactly my sense of existing — a fragment, a wisp of color. Come and travel with me to some distant place, where there are frescoes and fountains, why can’t we travel to some distant place with ancient fountains? By ship? By sleeping car?’
‘It’s safer and faster by plane,’ said Van. ‘And for Log’s sake, speak Russian.’ (3.3)
On Antiterra VN’s novel Lolita (1955) is known as The Gitanilla by the Spanish writer Osberg. Dolores mentioned by Lucette seems to be the gitanilla’s name. In VN’s novel, Lolita is a diminutive of Dolores. The Cheshire Cat is a character in Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, a book that VN translated into Russian as Anya v strane chudes (1923).
Van’s schoolmate at Riverlane, Dick Cheshire is a rugby ace:
That was love, normal and mysterious. Less mysterious and considerably more grotesque were the passions which several generations of schoolmasters had failed to eradicate, and which as late as 1883 still enjoyed an unparalleled vogue at Riverlane. Every dormitory had its catamite. One hysterical lad from Upsala, cross-eyed, loose-lipped, with almost abnormally awkward limbs, but with a wonderfully tender skin texture and the round creamy charms of Bronzino’s Cupid (the big one, whom a delighted satyr discovers in a lady’s bower), was much prized and tortured by a group of foreign boys, mostly Greek and English, led by Cheshire, the rugby ace; and partly out of bravado, partly out of curiosity, Van surmounted his disgust and coldly watched their rough orgies. Soon, however, he abandoned this surrogate for a more natural though equally heartless divertissement.
The aging woman who sold barley sugar and Lucky Louse magazines in the corner shop, which by tradition was not strictly out of bounds, happened to hire a young helper, and Cheshire, the son of a thrifty lord, quickly ascertained that this fat little wench could be had for a Russian green dollar. Van was one of the first to avail himself of her favors. These were granted in semi-darkness, among crates and sacks at the back of the shop after hours. The fact of his having told her he was sixteen and a libertine instead of fourteen and a virgin proved a source of embarrassment to our hell-raker when he tried to bluster his inexperience into quick action but only succeeded in spilling on the welcome mat what she would have gladly helped him to take indoors. Things went better six minutes later, after Cheshire and Zographos were through; but only at the next mating party did Van really begin to enjoy her gentleness, her soft sweet grip and hearty joggle. He knew she was nothing but a fubsy pig-pink whore let and would elbow her face away when she attempted to kiss him after he had finished and was checking with one quick hand, as he had seen Cheshire do, if his wallet was still in his hip pocket; but somehow or other, when the last of some forty convulsions had come and gone in the ordinary course of collapsing time, and his train was bowling past black and green fields to Ardis, he found himself endowing with unsuspected poetry her poor image, the kitchen odor of her arms, the humid eyelashes in the sudden gleam of Cheshire’s lighter and even the creaky steps of old deaf Mrs Gimber in her bedroom upstairs. (1.4)
The main character in “La Veneziana,” Frank plays rugby at his college:
Он учился в университете второй год, жил скромно, прилежно слушал лекции по богословию. Подружился он с Франком не только потому, что судьба поселила их в одну квартиру, состоящую из двух спален и одной общей гостиной, - но главным образом потому, что, как большинство слабовольных, застенчивых, втайне восторженных людей, он невольно льнул к человеку, в котором все было ярко, крепко - и зубы, и мышцы, и физическая сила души воля. А со своей стороны Франк, эта гордость колледжа, - он греб на гонках, и летал через поле с кожаным арбузом под мышкой, и умел нанести кулаком удар в самый кончик подбородка, где есть такая же музыкальная косточка, как в локте, удар, усыпительно действующий на противника, - этот необыкновенный, всеми любимый Франк находил что-то очень льстившее его самолюбию в дружбе с неловким, слабым Симпсоном. Симпсону было, между прочим, известно то странное, что Франк скрывал от прочих приятелей, знавших его только как прекрасного спортсмена и веселого малого и вовсе не обращавших внимания на мимолетные слухи о том, что Франк исключительно хорошо рисует, но рисунков своих не показывает никому. Он никогда не говорил об искусстве, охотно пел и пил, и бесчинствовал, но порою нападал на него внезапный сумрак; тогда он не выходил из своей комнаты, никого не впускал, - и только сожитель его, смирный Симпсон, видел, чем занят он. То, что Франк создавал за эти два-три дня злобного уединения, он либо прятал, либо уничтожал, а потом, словно отдав мучительную дань пороку, снова был весел и прост. Только раз он об этом заговорил с Симпсоном.
He was in his second year at university, lived modestly, and diligently attended lectures on theology. He and Frank became friends not only because fate had assigned them the same apartment (consisting of two bedrooms and a common parlor), but, above all, like most weak-willed, bashful, secretly rapturous people, he involuntarily clung to someone in whom everything was vivid and firm--teeth, muscles, the physical strength of the soul, which is willpower. For his part, Frank, the pride of his college, who rowed in a racing scull and flew across the field with a leather watermelon under his arm, who knew how to land a punch on the very tip of the chin where there is the same kind of funny bone as in the elbow, a punch that would put an adversary to sleep--this extraordinary, universally liked Frank found something very flattering to his vanity in his friendship with the weak, awkward Simpson. Simpson, incidentally, was privy to something odd that Frank concealed from his other chums, who knew him only as a fine athlete and an exuberant chap, paying no attention whatever to occasional rumors that Frank was exceptionally good at drawing but showed his drawings to no one. He never spoke about art, was ever ready to sing and swig and carouse, yet suddenly a strange gloom would come over him and he would not leave his room or let anyone in, and only his roommate, lowly Simpson, would see what he was up to. What Frank created during these two or three days of ill-humored isolation he either hid or destroyed, and then, as if having paid an agonizing tribute to his vice, he would again become his merry, uncomplicated self. Only once did he bring this up with Simpson. (2)
In VN’s story Frank brilliantly imitates a painting of Sebastiano del Piombo. In VN’s novel Camera Obscura (1933) Robert Horn (a talented but unprincipled cartoonist who becomes Axel Rex in Laughter in the Dark, the novel’s English version) tells Bruno Kretschmar (an art expert who becomes Albinus in Laughter in the Dark) that he happened to read Kretschmar’s superb article about Sebastiano del Piombo:
Кречмар шагнул к Горну, который, по-видимому, не зная, кто здесь хозяин, потирал руки, как будто их намыливал. «Я очень рад вас видеть у себя, – сказал Кречмар. – Знаете, я вас представлял совсем не таким, я представлял вас почему-то полным и в роговых очках. Господа, это создатель Чипи. Пожаловал к нам из Америки». Горн продолжал намыливать ладони, стоял и делал маленькие кивки. «Садитесь, – сказал Кречмар. – Вы, говорят, к нам в Берлин ненадолго?» «Как это было немило, – хриплым басом сказала Дорианна Каренина, – что вы не позволили мне появляться на людях с моей любимой игрушкой!» «То-то я всю смотрю: знакомое лицо», – ответил Горн, берясь за стул рядом с Магдой.
Взгляд Кречмара опять вернулся к ней. Она как-то по-детски наклонилась к соседке – художнице Марго Денис – и, странно улыбаясь, со слезами на глазах, необычайно быстро говорила что-то. Он сверху видел ее маленькое пурпурное ухо, жилку на шее, нежную раздвоенную тень груди. «Боже мой, что она говорит!» Лихорадочно и торопливо, точно желая кого-то заговорить, Магда несла совершенную околесину и все время прижимала ладонь к пылающей щеке. « Мужская прислуга меньше ворует, – лепетала она. – Конечно, картину нельзя унести. Но все-таки… Я прежде очень любила картины со всадниками, но когда видишь слишком много картин…»
«Фрейлейн Петерс, – с мягкой улыбкой обратился к ней Кречмар, – я хочу вам представить создателя знаменитого зверька».
Магда судорожно обернулась и сказала: «Ах, здравствуйте!» (к чему эти ахи, ведь об этом не раз говорилось…) Горн поклонился, сел и спокойно обратился к Кречмару: «Я читал вашу превосходную статью о Себастиано дель Пиомбо. Вы напрасно только не привели его сонетов, – они прескверные, – но как раз это и пикантно». (Chapter XV)
Albinus walked up to Rex, who did not quite know which was his host and was rubbing his hands as though he were soaping them.
“Delighted to see you at last,” said Albinus. “Do you know, I had formed quite a different picture of you in my mind — short, fat, with hornrimmed glasses, though on the other hand your name always reminds me of an axe. Ladies and gentlemen, this is the man who makes two continents laugh. Let us hope he is back in Germany for good.”
Rex, his eyes twinkling, made little bows, rubbing his hands all the time. He sported a striking lounge suit in a world of badly cut German dinner jackets.
“Please, be seated,” said Albinus.
“Haven’t I met your sister once?” queried Dorianna in her lovely bass voice.
“My sister is in Heaven,” answered Rex gravely.
“Oh, I’m sorry,” said Dorianna.
“Never was born,” he added—and sat down on a chair next to Margot.
Laughing pleasantly, Albinus let his eyes stray back to her. She was bending toward her neighbor, Sonia Hirsch, the plain-faced, motherly cubist, in a queer childlike attitude, her shoulders a little hunched and talking unusually fast, with moist eyes and fluttering eyelids. He looked down at her small, flushed ear, the vein on her neck, the delicate shadow between her breasts. Hurriedly, feverishly, she was pouring out a stream of complete nonsense, with her hand pressed to her flaming cheek.
“Menservants steal far less,” she jabbered, “though, of course, no one would lift a really big picture, and at one time I adored big ones with men on horseback, but when one sees such a lot of pictures—”
“Fräulein Peters,” said Albinus in a soothing tone, “this is the man who makes two continents—”
Margot started and swerved round.
“Oh, really, how do you do?”
Rex bowed and, turning to Albinus, remarked quietly:
“I happened to read on the boat your excellent biography of Sebastiano del Piombo. Pity, though, you didn’t quote his sonnets.”
“Oh, but they are very poor,” answered Albinus.
“Exactly,” said Rex. “That’s what is so charming.” (Laughter in the Dark, Chapter 16)
In VN's novel the postman remarks that love is blind:
Прямо не верится, – сказал швейцар, когда те прошли, – прямо не верится, что у него недавно умерла дочка».
«А кто второй?» – спросил почтальон.
«Почём я знаю. Завела молодца ему в подмогу, вот и всё. Мне, знаете, стыдно, когда другие жильцы смотрят на эту… (нехорошее слово). А ведь приличный господин, сам-то, и богат, – мог бы выбрать себе подругу поосанистее, покрупнее, если уж на то пошло».
«Любовь слепа», – задумчиво произнёс почтальон.
The hall-porter who was talking to the postman outside gazed at them curiously as they passed.
“It’s hardly believable,” said he when they were out of hearing, “that that Herr’s little daughter died a couple of weeks ago.”
“And who’s the other Herr?” asked the postman.
“Don’t ask me. An additional lover, I suppose. To tell the truth, I’m ashamed that the other tenants should see it all. And yet he’s a rich, generous gentleman. What I always say is: if he’s got to have a mistress, he might have chosen a larger and plumper one.”
“Love is blind,” remarked the postman thoughtfully. (Laughter in the Dark, Chapter 22)
After a car accident Kretschmar (Albinus) becomes blind. In Ada Van blinds Kim Beauharnais (a kitchen boy and photographer at Ardis) for spying on him and Ada and attempting to blackmail Ada. Describing Kim Beauharnais' album, Van says that love is blind:
Nonchalantly, Van went back to the willows and said:
‘Every shot in the book has been snapped in 1884, except this one. I never rowed you down Ladore River in early spring. Nice to note you have not lost your wonderful ability to blush.’
‘It’s his error. He must have thrown in a fotochka taken later, maybe in 1888. We can rip it out if you like.’
‘Sweetheart,’ said Van, ‘the whole of 1888 has been ripped out. One need not bb a sleuth in a mystery story to see that at least as many pages have been removed as retained. I don’t mind — I mean I have no desire to see the Knabenkräuter and other pendants of your friends botanizing with you; but 1888 has been withheld and he’ll turn up with it when the first grand is spent.’
‘I destroyed 1888 myself,’ admitted proud Ada; ‘but I swear, I solemnly swear, that the man behind Blanche, in the perron picture, was, and has always remained, a complete stranger.’
‘Good for him,’ said Van. ‘Really it has no importance. It’s our entire past that has been spoofed and condemned. On second thoughts, I will not write that Family Chronicle. By the way, where is my poor little Blanche now?’
‘Oh, she’s all right. She’s still around. You know, she came back — after you abducted her. She married our Russian coachman, the one who replaced Bengal Ben, as the servants called him.’
‘Oh she did? That’s delicious. Madame Trofim Fartukov. I would never have thought it.’
‘They have a blind child,’ said Ada.
‘Love is blind,’ said Van.
‘She tells me you made a pass at her on the first morning of your first arrival.’
‘Not documented by Kim,’ said Van. ‘Will their child remain blind? I mean, did you get them a really first-rate physician?’
‘Oh yes, hopelessly blind. But speaking of love and its myths, do you realize — because I never did before talking to her a couple of years ago — that the people around our affair had very good eyes indeed? Forget Kim, he’s only the necessary clown — but do you realize that a veritable legend was growing around you and me while we played and made love?’ (2.7)
At the end of their long lives (even on the last day of their lives) Van and Ada translate Shade's poem into Russian:
She insisted that if there were no future, then one had the right of making up a future, and in that case one’s very own future did exist, insofar as one existed oneself. Eighty years quickly passed — a matter of changing a slide in a magic lantern. They had spent most of the morning reworking their translation of a passage (lines 569-572) in John Shade’s famous poem:
...Sovetï mï dayom
Kak bït’ vdovtsu: on poteryal dvuh zhyon;
On ih vstrechaet — lyubyashchih, lyubimïh,
Revnuyushchih ego drug k druzhke...
(...We give advice
To widower. He has been married twice:
He meets his wives, both loved, both loving, both
Jealous of one another...)
Van pointed out that here was the rub — one is free to imagine any type of hereafter, of course: the generalized paradise promised by Oriental prophets and poets, or an individual combination; but the work of fancy is handicapped — to a quite hopeless extent — by a logical ban: you cannot bring your friends along — or your enemies for that matter — to the party. The transposition of all our remembered relationships into an Elysian life inevitably turns it into a second-rate continuation of our marvelous mortality. Only a Chinaman or a retarded child can imagine being met, in that Next-Installment World, to the accompaniment of all sorts of tail-wagging and groveling of welcome, by the mosquito executed eighty years ago upon one’s bare leg, which has been amputated since then and now, in the wake of the gesticulating mosquito, comes back, stomp, stomp, stomp, here I am, stick me on.
She did not laugh; she repeated to herself the verses that had given them such trouble. The Signy brain-shrinkers would gleefully claim that the reason the three ‘boths’ had been skipped in the Russian version was not at all, oh, not at all, because cramming three cumbersome amphibrachs into the pentameter would have necessitated adding at least one more verse for carrying the luggage.
‘Oh, Van, oh Van, we did not love her enough. That’s whom you should have married, the one sitting feet up, in ballerina black, on the stone balustrade, and then everything would have been all right — I would have stayed with you both in Ardis Hall, and instead of that happiness, handed out gratis, instead of all that we teased her to death!’ (5.6)