Telling about his ancestors, Van Veen (the narrator and main character in VN’s novel Ada, 1969) uses the word “granoblastically:”
Van’s maternal grandmother Daria (‘Dolly’) Durmanov was the daughter of Prince Peter Zemski, Governor of Bras d’Or, an American province in the Northeast of our great and variegated country, who had married, in 1824, Mary O’Reilly, an Irish woman of fashion. Dolly, an only child, born in Bras, married in 1840, at the tender and wayward age of fifteen, General Ivan Durmanov, Commander of Yukon Fortress and peaceful country gentleman, with lands in the Severn Tories (Severnïya Territorii), that tesselated protectorate still lovingly called ‘Russian’ Estoty, which commingles, granoblastically and organically, with ‘Russian’ Canady, otherwise ‘French’ Estoty, where not only French, but Macedonian and Bavarian settlers enjoy a halcyon climate under our Stars and Stripes. (1.1)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): Severnïya Territorii: Northern Territories. Here and elsewhere transliteration is based on the old Russian orthography.
granoblastically: in a tesselar (mosaic) jumble.
Granoblastic means “having a texture in which the fragments are irregular and angular and appear like a mosaic under the microscope.” Here it is also a play on gran’ (edge, brink) and oblast’ (area, region). In his Vospominaniya o Rossii (“Reminiscences of Russia,” 1959) Leonid Sabaneyev tells about his great-great-great-great-grandfather, General-in-chief Sabaneyev, the Governor of New Russia, and mentions oblast’ Voyska Donskogo (a southern Russian Province):
Прошли годы – молодой кавалерист обратился в генерал-аншефа Сабанеева и получил назначение управлять новыми огромными территориями и городами, получившими наименование Новороссии, куда входили Одесса, Молдавия, все черноморское побережье с Крымом и заканчивалось областью Войска Донского. Он должен был жить или в Одессе, или в Крыму – в Ливадии. Для его ранга и нового положения, приблизительно эквивалентного военному генерал-губернатору с особыми полномочиями, ему полагалось по штату иметь своего врача. Врач скоро нашелся и ему очень понравился. Как в высшей степени светский человек, он осведомился, «женат ли он», и на утвердительный ответ галантно предложил, что он его супругу возьмет в свою карету, так как жить он собирался преимущественно в Крыму, именно в Ливадии из-за климата. Все было устроено. Мой предок проводил доктора, который ехал раньше, чтобы все устроить для медицинских целей в Ливадии. Сам же поехал на другой день с докторской женой. Не стоит прибавлять, что с первых взглядов военный генерал-губернатор узнал свою «случайную жену» из молдаванской деревни, а «случайная жена» все время следила за моим «пращуром» и в сущности «подстроила» всю эту авантюру с доктором, который оказался единым пострадавшим и притом в глупейшем водевильном положении «разбуженного мужа»… Но что же он мог предпринять против военного генерал-губернатора Новороссии с особыми полномочиями и в военное время, так как война в Новороссии еще продолжалась.
Моя версия пушкинской «Метели» несколько отличается от пушкинского рассказа, но она имеет преимущество исторической истинности и беспристрастности. Мой отец, которого я, в сущности, видел не более как десять лет, так как раньше – когда мне было два-три года – отец мой часто уезжал из Москвы, где жила моя мать и мой брат (старший меня на полтора года), а я был еще в очень элементарном состоянии. (“The Reminiscences of a Moscow Old-Timer”)
Oblast’ Voyska Donskogo brings to mind Baron d’Onsky, Demon’s adversary in a sword duel (see my previous post). Van’s and Ada’s father, Demon Veen was a great fisherman in his youth:
Daniel Veen’s mother was a Trumbell, and he was prone to explain at great length — unless sidetracked by a bore-baiter — how in the course of American history an English ‘bull’ had become a New England ‘bell.’ Somehow or other he had ‘gone into business’ in his twenties and had rather rankly grown into a Manhattan art dealer. He did not have — initially at least — any particular liking for paintings, had no aptitude for any kind of salesmanship, and no need whatever to jolt with the ups and downs of a ‘job’ the solid fortune inherited from a series of far more proficient and venturesome Veens. Confessing that he did not much care for the countryside, he spent only a few carefully shaded summer weekends at Ardis, his magnificent manor near Ladore. He had revisited only a few times since his boyhood another estate he had, up north on Lake Kitezh, near Luga, comprising, and practically consisting of, that large, oddly rectangular though quite natural body of water which a perch he had once clocked took half an hour to cross diagonally and which he owned jointly with his cousin, a great fisherman in his youth. (1.1)
The author of a popular book on fishing, Sabaneyev’s father (a zoologist) was a personal friend of the tsar Alexander III, a passionate fisherman who famously said: “when the Russian tsar is fishing, Europe can wait.” In his book Sabaneyev says that Alexander III harmed his health by drinking too much cognac:
Это имело два серьезных политических последствия: возвышение скромного начальника захолустной ж-д. станции де Витте до ранга министра великого государства и несомненно огромной страны.‹…› Но мой отец утверждал, что преждевременная смерть Александра III (он умер от разрыва каких-то очень важных внутренних органов, которые в те времена даже первоклассные медики (Захарьин, Остроумов) не умели лечить) ‹была вызвана именно этим случаем›. Кроме того, он сам себе вредил, потому что много пил коньяку; потом мне пришлось быть живой связью между знаменитым доктором и моим отцом, который уже с 1894 года начинал прихварывать, а в 189… году Захарьин констатировал у него гнойный плеврит и велел отправить его немедленно в Крым.
Bras d’Or (Golden Arm) is a Hennessy cognac. In his reply to Prince Vyazemski's epistle Count Tolstoy the American says that he is more familiar with cognac than with Condillac (a French philosopher, 1715-80):
Ценю Вольтера остроту:
Подобен ум его Протею;
Талант женевца — прямоту,
Подчас о бедняках жалею.
Благоговею духом я
Пред важным мужем Кондильяком…
Скажу, морочить не любя:
Я более знаком с коньяком!
In his epistle Tolstomu ("To Tolstoy," 1818) Vyazemski mentions Condillac:
Ты знаешь цену Кондильяку,
В Вольтере любишь шуток дар
И платишь сердцем дань Жан-Жаку
You know the worth of Condillac,
you love in Voltaire his gift of jokes
and with your heart you give Jean Jacques his due.
At the beginning of his poem Vyazemski says that myatezhnykh sklonnostey durman (the drug of rebellious inclinations) hurls Tolstoy iz raya v ad, iz ada v ray (from paradise to hell, from hell to paradise):
Американец и цыган,
На свете нравственном загадка,
Которого, как лихорадка,
Мятежных склонностей дурман
Или страстей кипящих схватка
Всегда из края мечет в край,
Из рая в ад, из ада в рай!
The surname Durmanov comes from durman (drug, intoxicant; thorn-apple). Prince Pyotr Vyazemski (1792-1878) was "an Irishman on his mother's side (O'Reilly)." (EO Commentary, vol. II, p. 27)
Count Tolstoy the American was a bretteur who dispatched eleven people in duels. There are in Ada eleven main characters:
1 Van Veen
2 Ada Veen
3 Lucette Veen
4 Demon Veen
5 Marina Durmanov
6 Aqua Durmanov
7 Daniel Veen (Uncle Dan)
8 Andrey Vinelander (Ada’s husband)
9 Dorothy Vinelander (Ada’s sister-in-law)
10 Ronald Oranger (Ada’s grandson, the editor of Ada)
11 Violet Knox (Ada’s granddaughter who marries Ronald Oranger after Van’s and Ada’s death)
According to Van, the fabulous ancestor of Ada’s husband “discovered our country:”
Ardis Hall — the Ardors and Arbors of Ardis — this is the leitmotiv rippling through Ada, an ample and delightful chronicle, whose principal part is staged in a dream-bright America — for are not our childhood memories comparable to Vineland-born caravelles, indolently encircled by the white birds of dreams? The protagonist, a scion of one of our most illustrious and opulent families, is Dr Van Veen, son of Baron ‘Demon’ Veen, that memorable Manhattan and Reno figure. The end of an extraordinary epoch coincides with Van’s no less extraordinary boyhood. Nothing in world literature, save maybe Count Tolstoy’s reminiscences, can vie in pure joyousness and Arcadian innocence with the ‘Ardis’ part of the book. On the fabulous country estate of his art-collecting uncle, Daniel Veen, an ardent childhood romance develops in a series of fascinating scenes between Van and pretty Ada, a truly unusual gamine, daughter of Marina, Daniel’s stage-struck wife. That the relationship is not simply dangerous cousinage, but possesses an aspect prohibited by law, is hinted in the very first pages.
In spite of the many intricacies of plot and psychology, the story proceeds at a spanking pace. Before we can pause to take breath and quietly survey the new surroundings into which the writer’s magic carpet has, as it were, spilled us, another attractive girl, Lucette Veen, Marina’s younger daughter, has also been swept off her feet by Van, the irresistible rake. Her tragic destiny constitutes one of the highlights of this delightful book.
The rest of Van’s story turns frankly and colorfully upon his long love-affair with Ada. It is interrupted by her marriage to an Arizonian cattle-breeder whose fabulous ancestor discovered our country. After her husband’s death our lovers are reunited. They spend their old age traveling together and dwelling in the various villas, one lovelier than another, that Van has erected all over the Western Hemisphere.
Not the least adornment of the chronicle is the delicacy of pictorial detail: a latticed gallery; a painted ceiling; a pretty plaything stranded among the forget-me-nots of a brook; butterflies and butterfly orchids in the margin of the romance; a misty view descried from marble steps; a doe at gaze in the ancestral park; and much, much more. (5.6)
In his fragment Byron (1824-27) Vyazemski mentions zapovednaya gran’ (the prohibited line) transcended by Byron:
Отважный исполин, Колумб новейших дней,
Как он предугадал мир юный, первобытный,
Так ты, снедаемый тоскою ненасытной
И презря рубежи боязненной толпы,
В полете смелом сшиб Иракловы столпы:
Их нет для гения в полете непреклонном!
Пусть их лобзает чернь в порабощеньи сонном,
Но он, вдали прозрев заповедну́ю грань,
Насильства памятник и суеверья дань,
Он жадно чрез нее стремится в бесконечность!
Стихия высших дум — простор небес и вечность.
Так, Байрон, так и ты, за грань перескочив
И душу в пламенной стихии закалив,
Забыл и дольный мир, и суд надменной черни;
Стезей высоких благ и благодатных терний
Достиг ты таинства, ты мыслью их проник,
И чудно осветил ты ими свой язык.
At the end of his poem Vyazemski says that only grob (the coffin), this pillar of Hercules, was Byron's gran':
И гроб, твой ранний гроб, как Фениксов костер,
Благоухающий и жертвой упраздненный,
Бессмертья светлого алтарь немой и тленный,
Свидетельствует нам весь подвиг бытия.
Гроб, сей Ираклов столп, один был грань твоя,
И жизнь твоя гласит, разбившись на могиле:
Чем смертный может быть, и чем он быть не в силе.
Vyazemski compares Byron's early coffin to Feniksov kostyor (Phoenix's bonfire). When Ada's husband falls ill, Dorothy Vinelander reads to her brother old issues of the Golos Feniksa ("Phoenix's Voice," a Russian-language newspaper in Arizona):
Much to Van’s amusement (the tasteless display of which his mistress neither condoned nor condemned), Andrey was laid up with a cold for most of the week. Dorothy, a born nurser, considerably surpassed Ada (who, never being ill herself, could not stand the sight of an ailing stranger) in readiness of sickbed attendance, such as reading to the sweating and suffocating patient old issues of the Golos Feniksa; but on Friday the hotel doctor bundled him off to the nearby American Hospital, where even his sister was not allowed to Visit him ‘because of the constant necessity of routine tests’ — or rather because the poor fellow wished to confront disaster in manly solitude. (3.8)
The altar of immortality and the pillars of Hercules mentioned by Vyazemski bring to mind Altar, as on Demonia (aka Antiterra, Earth’s twin planet on which Ada is set), Gibraltar is known:
Actually, Aqua was less pretty, and far more dotty, than Marina. During her fourteen years of miserable marriage she spent a broken series of steadily increasing sojourns in sanatoriums. A small map of the European part of the British Commonwealth — say, from Scoto-Scandinavia to the Riviera, Altar and Palermontovia — as well as most of the U.S.A., from Estoty and Canady to Argentina, might be quite thickly prickled with enameled red-cross-flag pins, marking, in her War of the Worlds, Aqua’s bivouacs. She had plans at one time to seek a modicum of health (‘just a little grayishness, please, instead of the solid black’) in such Anglo-American protectorates as the Balkans and Indias, and might even have tried the two Southern Continents that thrive under our joint dominion. Of course, Tartary, an independent inferno, which at the time spread from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean, was touristically unavailable, though Yalta and Altyn Tagh sounded strangely attractive... But her real destination was Terra the Fair and thither she trusted she would fly on libellula long wings when she died. Her poor little letters from the homes of madness to her husband were sometimes signed: Madame Shchemyashchikh-Zvukov (‘Heart rending-Sounds’). (1.3)
In his poem Vyazemski calls Byron Kolumb noveyshikh dney (Columbus of new times). Pushkin famously called Karamzin “the Columbus of Russian history.” When they meet in Paris (also known as Lute on Antiterra), Greg Erminin asks Van if Ada married Christopher Vinelander or his brother:
‘So odd to recall! It was frenzy, it was fantasy, it was reality in the x degree. I’d have consented to be beheaded by a Tartar, I declare, if in exchange I could have kissed her instep. You were her cousin, almost a brother, you can’t understand that obsession. Ah, those picnics! And Percy de Prey who boasted to me about her, and drove me crazy with envy and pity, and Dr Krolik, who, they said, also loved her, and Phil Rack, a composer of genius — dead, dead, all dead!’
‘I really know very little about music but it was a great pleasure to make your chum howl. I have an appointment in a few minutes, alas. Za tvoyo zdorovie, Grigoriy Akimovich.’
‘Arkadievich,’ said Greg, who had let it pass once but now mechanically corrected Van.
‘Ach yes! Stupid slip of the slovenly tongue. How is Arkadiy Grigorievich?’
‘He died. He died just before your aunt. I thought the papers paid a very handsome tribute to her talent. And where is Adelaida Danilovna? Did she marry Christopher Vinelander or his brother?’
‘In California or Arizona. Andrey’s the name, I gather. Perhaps I’m mistaken. In fact, I never knew my cousin very well: I visited Ardis only twice, after all, for a few weeks each time, years ago.’
‘Somebody told me she’s a movie actress.’
‘I’ve no idea, I’ve never seen her on the screen.’
‘Oh, that would be terrible, I declare — to switch on the dorotelly, and suddenly see her. Like a drowning man seeing his whole past, and the trees, and the flowers, and the wreathed dachshund. She must have been terribly affected by her mother’s terrible death.’
Likes the word ‘terrible,’ I declare. A terrible suit of clothes, a terrible tumor. Why must I stand it? Revolting — and yet fascinating in a weird way: my babbling shadow, my burlesque double.
Van was about to leave when a smartly uniformed chauffeur came up to inform’ my lord’ that his lady was parked at the corner of rue Saïgon and was summoning him to appear.
‘Aha,’ said Van, ‘I see you are using your British title. Your father preferred to pass for a Chekhovian colonel.’
‘Maude is Anglo-Scottish and, well, likes it that way. Thinks a title gets one better service abroad. By the way, somebody told me — yes, Tobak! — that Lucette is at the Alphonse Four. I haven’t asked you about your father? He’s in good health?’ (Van bowed,) ‘And how is the guvernantka belletristka?’
‘Her last novel is called L‘ami Luc. She just got the Lebon Academy Prize for her copious rubbish.’
They parted laughing. (3.2)
Darkbloom (‘Notes to Ada’): za tvoyo etc.: Russ., your health.
guvernantka etc.: Russ., governess-novelist.
Like Greg's wife, Byron was Anglo-Scottish. A smartly uniformed chauffeur who comes up to inform Greg Erminin that his wife is parked at the corner of rue Saïgon brings to mind a court lackey, of the type who stood on a footboard at the back of the tsar’s carriage, mentioned by Sabaneyev in the preceding paragraph of his memoirs:
В этот момент раздался звонок и появился придворный лакей того типа, которые в те годы обычно стояли на запятках императорской кареты; он возгласил:
— Ваше императорское величество, ее императорское величество государыня императрица просит ваше императорское величество приехать домой сейчас же. (Затем выяснилось, что императрица все время, пока мой отец и император наслаждались комканьем подков, сидела в карете и скучала.) — Ну вот, довольно наслаждений, пора императорскую лямку тащить… — сказал император, спуская меня с колена и сильно покряхтывая: отец мне потом объяснил, что это кряхтенье у него появилось с тех пор, как было крушение царского поезда на станции Борки, когда Александру III одному пришлось держать крышу упавшего вагона, в котором помещалась царская семья, пока не эвакуировали всех членов ее.
According to Sabaneyev, while the Emperor and his father were bending horseshoes with their fingers, as if it were a wire, the Empress were waiting for her husband in a carriage. The court lackey entered to say that the Empress asked her husband to come back.
After parting with Greg Erminin, Van meets Cordula Tobak (Van's former mistress, née de Prey):
A moment later, as happens so often in farces and foreign cities, Van ran into another friend. With a surge of delight he saw Cordula in a tight scarlet skirt bending with baby words of comfort over two unhappy poodlets attached to the waiting-post of a sausage shop. Van stroked her with his fingertips, and as she straightened up indignantly and turned around (indignation instantly replaced by gay recognition), he quoted the stale but appropriate lines he had known since the days his schoolmates annoyed him with them:
The Veens speak only to Tobaks
But Tobaks speak only to dogs. (3.2)
In the preceding paragraph Sabaneyev mentions the yearly sobach'yi vystavki (dog exhibitions) that he visited in the city manege:
Тут я заметил, что мои неожиданные собеседники занимались странным занятием: у каждого было в руке по большой подкове, которую они двумя пальцами сгибали, как будто это была проволока…
Когда подкова была приведена в совершенно унылый вид — ее выбрасывали и брали другую. Это было состязание в силах пальцев. Генерала же в тужурке я сразу признал, тем более что тут же висел его большой стенной портрет… Отец мой был геркулесова сложения и огромного роста (2.30 метра). Когда я посещал ежегодные «собачьи выставки» в городском манеже, то выше моего отца был только один вел. кн. Ник.
Николаевич. Что касается до императора Александра III, то он был ростом ниже, но кряжистый и такой же силач. Он мне дал такую же подкову и сказал мне: «Ну, попробуй и ты…» Я попробовал, но у меня ничего не вышло. Тогда император сказал мне: «Не огорчайся, мальчик: вырастешь как твой папа — такие же подковы будешь гнуть».
Sobach'yi vystavki bring to mind k chertyam sobach'im (to the devils), a phrase that reappears in Ada three times.